Table A1

Thematic overview

ThemeCentral organising conceptOrganisational categories/topics
Theme 1: Life-course development of FSE and capabilityEarly-life FSE and capability are shaped through gendered parental modelling, where observing mothers and fathers perform distinct financial roles provides foundational scripts for later financial attitudes and behavioursParental modelling (mothers), parental modelling (fathers)
Theme 2: Early mastery experiences and foundations of financial capabilityFSE and capability are grounded in early mastery experiences, where initial encounters with earning, spending and limited financial education shape confidence, decision-making orientation and temporal perspectives toward moneyEarly work and spending experience, financial education in schools, short-term over long-term money decisions (younger cohort), part-time work undertaken during school years
Theme 3: Adult life-course transitions, risk, and uneven efficacy accumulationFSE develops unevenly across adulthood, as life-course transitions, such as ageing, increased responsibility and parenthood, shape confidence, risk tolerance and perceived control over financial decisionsConfidence gains with increasing age, managing financial risk, mastery experiences that build risk tolerance, control, impact of having children on finances
Theme 4: Security strategies, partnership status and structural contextFSE and capability are shaped by structural conditions, where partnership status and access to assets, such as home ownership, constrain or enable financial security strategies and perceived financial controlBeing single as a financial disadvantage, home ownership
Theme 5: Vicarious learning and verbal persuasion through relatable othersFSE is shaped through vicarious learning and verbal persuasion from relatable others, where peer and online interactions provide accessible models, encouragement and shared experiences that influence financial confidence and behaviourVerbal persuasion via peers, verbal persuasion online, vicarious experiences via peers, vicarious experiences online, mastery experiences online
Theme 6: Digitally mediated financial learning as an accessible efficacy pathwayDigital financial environments function as accessible learning pathways, where formats such as podcasts and inclusive online communities enable knowledge sharing, reduce barriers to engagement and support the development of FSEPodcast format, inclusivity/supportive community, building/sharing knowledge
Theme 7: Community, credibility and the limits of digital persuasionWhile digital communities foster openness and shared experience, FSE is ultimately shaped through independent evaluation and critical engagement, highlighting the limits of digital persuasion and the importance of perceived credibilityOpenness/shared experience, independent exploration, critical thinking and evaluating

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