TOPSIS results in the long-term, pre- and post-crisis periods
| Year | ROA | ROE | EBITM | Tobin’s Q | CHL | NCAFOTA | CAFOR | CIE | CASH2 | CO2PC | CO2Intensity | ARTA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A: Long-term period | ||||||||||||
| 2003 | −0.156 | −0.011 | −0.202 | 0.235 | 0.204 | 0.403 | 0.403 | 0.224 | 0.152 | 0.277 | 0.321 | 0.426 |
| 2004 | 0.098 | 0.031 | −0.099 | 0.219 | 0.228 | 0.267 | 0.417 | 0.224 | 0.230 | 0.281 | 0.319 | 0.428 |
| 2005 | 0.104 | 0.810 | 0.501 | 0.379 | 0.008 | 0.184 | 0.416 | 0.012 | 0.269 | 0.284 | 0.321 | 0.378 |
| 2006 | 0.131 | −0.019 | 0.401 | 0.271 | 0.263 | 0.259 | 0.261 | 0.258 | 0.183 | 0.312 | 0.316 | 0.361 |
| 2007 | 0.315 | 0.130 | 0.276 | 0.248 | 0.191 | 0.115 | 0.218 | 0.183 | 0.172 | 0.343 | 0.318 | 0.389 |
| 2008 | −0.038 | −0.434 | 0.041 | 0.225 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.309 | 0.224 | 0.262 | 0.336 | 0.306 | 0.350 |
| 2009 | 0.025 | 0.055 | 0.061 | 0.458 | 0.175 | 0.244 | 0.298 | 0.248 | 0.185 | 0.335 | 0.311 | 0.351 |
| 2010 | 0.310 | 0.208 | 0.210 | 0.454 | 0.253 | 0.087 | 0.243 | 0.296 | 0.248 | 0.345 | 0.299 | 0.306 |
| 2011 | 0.045 | 0.109 | 0.180 | 0.046 | 0.216 | 0.107 | 0.222 | 0.260 | 0.173 | 0.360 | 0.314 | 0.289 |
| 2012 | 0.308 | 0.146 | 0.298 | 0.202 | 0.282 | 0.060 | 0.100 | 0.316 | 0.264 | 0.369 | 0.313 | 0.226 |
| Panel B: Pre-financial crisis | ||||||||||||
| 2003 | 0 | 0.009 | 0 | 0.141 | 0.769 | 1 | 0.927 | 0.865 | 1 | 1 | 0.256 | 0.975 |
| 2004 | 0.539 | 0.061 | 0.147 | 0.093 | 0.865 | 0.528 | 1 | 0.865 | 0.333 | 0.957 | 0.471 | 1 |
| 2005 | 0.553 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.241 | 0.994 | 0 | 0 | 0.831 | 0 | 0.257 |
| 2006 | 0.609 | 0 | 0.858 | 0.012 | 1 | 0.499 | 0.217 | 1 | 0.730 | 0.437 | 1 | 0 |
| 2007 | 1 | 0.180 | 0.680 | 0 | 0.723 | 0 | 0 | 0.696 | 0.826 | 0 | 0.702 | 0.418 |
| Panel C: Post-financial crisis | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 | 0.421 | 0.924 | 1 | 0 | 0.014 | 0.896 | 0.588 | 0.995 |
| 2009 | 0.180 | 0.761 | 0.074 | 0.002 | 0 | 1 | 0.947 | 0.263 | 0.867 | 1 | 0.222 | 1 |
| 2010 | 1 | 1 | 0.654 | 0 | 0.727 | 0.146 | 0.684 | 0.778 | 0.167 | 0.819 | 1 | 0.642 |
| 2011 | 0.238 | 0.846 | 0.539 | 1 | 0.395 | 0.256 | 0.584 | 0.389 | 1 | 0.244 | 0 | 0.505 |
| 2012 | 0.993 | 0.904 | 1 | 0.891 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.095 | 0 |
| Year | ROA | ROE | EBITM | Tobin’s | CHL | NCAFOTA | CAFOR | CIE | CASH2 | CO2PC | CO2Intensity | ARTA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | −0.156 | −0.011 | −0.202 | 0.235 | 0.204 | 0.403 | 0.403 | 0.224 | 0.152 | 0.277 | 0.321 | 0.426 |
| 2004 | 0.098 | 0.031 | −0.099 | 0.219 | 0.228 | 0.267 | 0.417 | 0.224 | 0.230 | 0.281 | 0.319 | 0.428 |
| 2005 | 0.104 | 0.810 | 0.501 | 0.379 | 0.008 | 0.184 | 0.416 | 0.012 | 0.269 | 0.284 | 0.321 | 0.378 |
| 2006 | 0.131 | −0.019 | 0.401 | 0.271 | 0.263 | 0.259 | 0.261 | 0.258 | 0.183 | 0.312 | 0.316 | 0.361 |
| 2007 | 0.315 | 0.130 | 0.276 | 0.248 | 0.191 | 0.115 | 0.218 | 0.183 | 0.172 | 0.343 | 0.318 | 0.389 |
| 2008 | −0.038 | −0.434 | 0.041 | 0.225 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.309 | 0.224 | 0.262 | 0.336 | 0.306 | 0.350 |
| 2009 | 0.025 | 0.055 | 0.061 | 0.458 | 0.175 | 0.244 | 0.298 | 0.248 | 0.185 | 0.335 | 0.311 | 0.351 |
| 2010 | 0.310 | 0.208 | 0.210 | 0.454 | 0.253 | 0.087 | 0.243 | 0.296 | 0.248 | 0.345 | 0.299 | 0.306 |
| 2011 | 0.045 | 0.109 | 0.180 | 0.046 | 0.216 | 0.107 | 0.222 | 0.260 | 0.173 | 0.360 | 0.314 | 0.289 |
| 2012 | 0.308 | 0.146 | 0.298 | 0.202 | 0.282 | 0.060 | 0.100 | 0.316 | 0.264 | 0.369 | 0.313 | 0.226 |
| 2003 | 0 | 0.009 | 0 | 0.141 | 0.769 | 1 | 0.927 | 0.865 | 1 | 1 | 0.256 | 0.975 |
| 2004 | 0.539 | 0.061 | 0.147 | 0.093 | 0.865 | 0.528 | 1 | 0.865 | 0.333 | 0.957 | 0.471 | 1 |
| 2005 | 0.553 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.241 | 0.994 | 0 | 0 | 0.831 | 0 | 0.257 |
| 2006 | 0.609 | 0 | 0.858 | 0.012 | 1 | 0.499 | 0.217 | 1 | 0.730 | 0.437 | 1 | 0 |
| 2007 | 1 | 0.180 | 0.680 | 0 | 0.723 | 0 | 0 | 0.696 | 0.826 | 0 | 0.702 | 0.418 |
| 2008 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.002 | 0.421 | 0.924 | 1 | 0 | 0.014 | 0.896 | 0.588 | 0.995 |
| 2009 | 0.180 | 0.761 | 0.074 | 0.002 | 0 | 1 | 0.947 | 0.263 | 0.867 | 1 | 0.222 | 1 |
| 2010 | 1 | 1 | 0.654 | 0 | 0.727 | 0.146 | 0.684 | 0.778 | 0.167 | 0.819 | 1 | 0.642 |
| 2011 | 0.238 | 0.846 | 0.539 | 1 | 0.395 | 0.256 | 0.584 | 0.389 | 1 | 0.244 | 0 | 0.505 |
| 2012 | 0.993 | 0.904 | 1 | 0.891 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.095 | 0 |
| Year | APTA | GWCR | NWCR | LiquidR | CurrentR | CASHR | TA | LEVERAGE | Distance+ | Distance- | TOPSIS Score | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A: Long-term period | ||||||||||||
| 2003 | 0.212 | 0.293 | −0.090 | 0.032 | 0.145 | 0.152 | 0.290 | 0.312 | 0.078 | 0.350 | 0.3814 | 10 |
| 2004 | 0.223 | 0.293 | −0.090 | 0.247 | 0.172 | 0.230 | 0.297 | 0.322 | 0.092 | 0.112 | 0.4341 | 8 |
| 2005 | 0.211 | 0.189 | 0.154 | 0.114 | 0.106 | 0.269 | 0.331 | 0.241 | 0.087 | 0.105 | 0.6072 | 1 |
| 2006 | 0.203 | 0.274 | 0.177 | 0.185 | 0.124 | 0.183 | 0.319 | 0.257 | 0.064 | 0.132 | 0.5034 | 6 |
| 2007 | 0.201 | 0.320 | 0.188 | 0.293 | 0.174 | 0.172 | 0.319 | 0.229 | 0.042 | 0.156 | 0.537 | 3 |
| 2008 | 0.187 | 0.314 | 0.106 | 0.185 | 0.115 | 0.262 | 0.354 | 0.316 | 0.128 | 0.082 | 0,3866 | 9 |
| 2009 | 0.179 | 0.334 | 0.125 | 0.321 | 0.191 | 0.185 | 0.329 | 0.322 | 0.118 | 0.089 | 0,4375 | 7 |
| 2010 | 0.163 | 0.321 | 0.163 | 0.223 | 0.131 | 0.248 | 0.332 | 0.243 | 0.103 | 0.097 | 0.544 | 2 |
| 2011 | 0.162 | 0.360 | −0.201 | 0.279 | 0.170 | 0.173 | 0.372 | 0.356 | 0.152 | 0.064 | 0.524 | 4 |
| 2012 | 0.160 | 0.341 | −0.201 | 0.216 | 0.137 | 0.264 | 0.395 | 0.448 | 0.138 | 0.071 | 0.506 | 5 |
| Panel B: Pre-financial crisis | ||||||||||||
| 2003 | 0.505 | 0.896 | 2.85e | 0.129 | 0.875 | 0.488 | 0.845 | 0.124 | 2.726 | 3.007 | 0.524 | 3 |
| 2004 | 1 | 0.895 | 0 | 0.744 | 1 | 0.968 | 0.966 | 0 | 2.389 | 3.252 | 0.576 | 1 |
| 2005 | 0.455 | 0 | 0.651 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.990 | 3.283 | 2.592 | 0.441 | 5 |
| 2006 | 0.053 | 0.645 | 0.893 | 0.395 | 0.637 | 0.262 | 0.679 | 0.647 | 2.589 | 2.803 | 0.520 | 4 |
| 2007 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.627 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2.557 | 3.202 | 0.556 | 2 |
| Panel C: Post-financial crisis | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | 1 | 0 | 0.842 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.640 | 3.106 | 2.878 | 0.481 | 4 |
| 2009 | 0.702 | 0.446 | 0.894 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.447 | 0.678 | 2.562 | 3.088 | 0.546 | 2 |
| 2010 | 0.113 | 0.162 | 1 | 0.279 | 0.397 | 0.210 | 0.652 | 1 | 2.458 | 2.984 | 0,5483 | 1 |
| 2011 | 0.062 | 1 | 0.580 | 0.694 | 0.584 | 0.732 | 0 | 0.446 | 2.607 | 2.644 | 0.504 | 3 |
| 2012 | 0 | 0.593 | 0 | 0.229 | 0.551 | 0.282 | 0.883 | 0 | 3.214 | 2.678 | 0.455 | 5 |
| Year | APTA | GWCR | NWCR | LiquidR | CurrentR | CASHR | TA | LEVERAGE | Distance+ | Distance- | TOPSIS Score | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 0.212 | 0.293 | −0.090 | 0.032 | 0.145 | 0.152 | 0.290 | 0.312 | 0.078 | 0.350 | 0.3814 | 10 |
| 2004 | 0.223 | 0.293 | −0.090 | 0.247 | 0.172 | 0.230 | 0.297 | 0.322 | 0.092 | 0.112 | 0.4341 | 8 |
| 2005 | 0.211 | 0.189 | 0.154 | 0.114 | 0.106 | 0.269 | 0.331 | 0.241 | 0.087 | 0.105 | 0.6072 | 1 |
| 2006 | 0.203 | 0.274 | 0.177 | 0.185 | 0.124 | 0.183 | 0.319 | 0.257 | 0.064 | 0.132 | 0.5034 | 6 |
| 2007 | 0.201 | 0.320 | 0.188 | 0.293 | 0.174 | 0.172 | 0.319 | 0.229 | 0.042 | 0.156 | 0.537 | 3 |
| 2008 | 0.187 | 0.314 | 0.106 | 0.185 | 0.115 | 0.262 | 0.354 | 0.316 | 0.128 | 0.082 | 0,3866 | 9 |
| 2009 | 0.179 | 0.334 | 0.125 | 0.321 | 0.191 | 0.185 | 0.329 | 0.322 | 0.118 | 0.089 | 0,4375 | 7 |
| 2010 | 0.163 | 0.321 | 0.163 | 0.223 | 0.131 | 0.248 | 0.332 | 0.243 | 0.103 | 0.097 | 0.544 | 2 |
| 2011 | 0.162 | 0.360 | −0.201 | 0.279 | 0.170 | 0.173 | 0.372 | 0.356 | 0.152 | 0.064 | 0.524 | 4 |
| 2012 | 0.160 | 0.341 | −0.201 | 0.216 | 0.137 | 0.264 | 0.395 | 0.448 | 0.138 | 0.071 | 0.506 | 5 |
| 2003 | 0.505 | 0.896 | 2.85e | 0.129 | 0.875 | 0.488 | 0.845 | 0.124 | 2.726 | 3.007 | 0.524 | 3 |
| 2004 | 1 | 0.895 | 0 | 0.744 | 1 | 0.968 | 0.966 | 0 | 2.389 | 3.252 | 0.576 | 1 |
| 2005 | 0.455 | 0 | 0.651 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.990 | 3.283 | 2.592 | 0.441 | 5 |
| 2006 | 0.053 | 0.645 | 0.893 | 0.395 | 0.637 | 0.262 | 0.679 | 0.647 | 2.589 | 2.803 | 0.520 | 4 |
| 2007 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.627 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2.557 | 3.202 | 0.556 | 2 |
| 2008 | 1 | 0 | 0.842 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.640 | 3.106 | 2.878 | 0.481 | 4 |
| 2009 | 0.702 | 0.446 | 0.894 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.447 | 0.678 | 2.562 | 3.088 | 0.546 | 2 |
| 2010 | 0.113 | 0.162 | 1 | 0.279 | 0.397 | 0.210 | 0.652 | 1 | 2.458 | 2.984 | 0,5483 | 1 |
| 2011 | 0.062 | 1 | 0.580 | 0.694 | 0.584 | 0.732 | 0 | 0.446 | 2.607 | 2.644 | 0.504 | 3 |
| 2012 | 0 | 0.593 | 0 | 0.229 | 0.551 | 0.282 | 0.883 | 0 | 3.214 | 2.678 | 0.455 | 5 |
Note(s): We followed two financial crisis periods: before crisis (2003–2007) and after crisis (2008–2012)
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