Table 2 Overall reliability Reliability...

Table 2

Overall reliability

Reliability test	Cronbach's alpha	Standardized alpha
Overall reliability	0.86	0.87
95% confidence boundaries	Lower: 0.82, Upper: 0.90	Lower: 0.82, Upper: 0.90
Reliability if an item is dropped
Lack of traceability	0.86	0.88
Unsupportive government	0.85	0.86
No obligatory standards	0.86	0.87
Family organizations	0.87	0.88
Short term-oriented culture	0.87	0.88
Lack of gap analysis	0.86	0.87
The absence of quality manager and department	0.85	0.86
Lack of educational culture	0.85	0.86
No commitment to ethical standards	0.85	0.86
Lack of job safety	0.85	0.86
Personal oriented	0.85	0.86
Lack of training and development	0.85	0.86
Nonmember of IAF	0.86	0.87
Outsourcing rather than employing	0.86	0.87
TQM is a corrective action, Lebanon does not believe in	0.85	0.86
Government not setting clear rules	0.85	0.86
Nonachievable targets	0.85	0.86
Top management commitment	0.85	0.87
Copying standards from other cultures	0.85	0.86
Emotionally directed	0.86	0.87

Reliability test	Cronbach's alpha	Standardized alpha
Overall reliability	0.86	0.87
95% confidence boundaries	Lower: 0.82, Upper: 0.90	Lower: 0.82, Upper: 0.90
Reliability if an item is dropped
Lack of traceability	0.86	0.88
Unsupportive government	0.85	0.86
No obligatory standards	0.86	0.87
Family organizations	0.87	0.88
Short term-oriented culture	0.87	0.88
Lack of gap analysis	0.86	0.87
The absence of quality manager and department	0.85	0.86
Lack of educational culture	0.85	0.86
No commitment to ethical standards	0.85	0.86
Lack of job safety	0.85	0.86
Personal oriented	0.85	0.86
Lack of training and development	0.85	0.86
Nonmember of IAF	0.86	0.87
Outsourcing rather than employing	0.86	0.87
TQM is a corrective action, Lebanon does not believe in	0.85	0.86
Government not setting clear rules	0.85	0.86
Nonachievable targets	0.85	0.86
Top management commitment	0.85	0.87
Copying standards from other cultures	0.85	0.86
Emotionally directed	0.86	0.87

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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