Table 3 Likert scale Please indicate...

Table 3

Likert scale

Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements regarding the causes of total quality management (TQM) failures in Lebanon		Agree	Neutral	Disagree	Total
Lack of traceability	Frequency	88	11	1	100
Lack of traceability	Percent	88.0	11.0	1.0	100.0
Unsupportive government	Frequency	66	30	4	100
Unsupportive government	Percent	66.0	30.0	4.0	100.0
No obligatory standards	Frequency	66	32	2	100
No obligatory standards	Percent	66.0	32.0	2.0	100.0
Family organizations	Frequency	17	23	60	100
Family organizations	Percent	17.0	23.0	60.0	100.0
Short-term oriented culture	Frequency	51	33	16	100
Short-term oriented culture	Percent	51.0	33.0	16.0	100.0
Lack of gap analysis	Frequency	59	34	7	100
Lack of gap analysis	Percent	59.0	34.0	7.0	100.0
The absence of quality manager and department	Frequency	75	22	3	100
The absence of quality manager and department	Percent	75.0	22.0	3.0	100.0
Lack of educational culture	Frequency	71	22	7	100
Lack of educational culture	Percent	71.0	22.0	7.0	100.0
No commitment to ethical standards	Frequency	67	31	2	100
No commitment to ethical standards	Percent	67.0	31.0	2.0	100.0
Lack of job safety	Frequency	58	31	11	100
Lack of job safety	Percent	58.0	31.0	11.0	100.0
Personal-oriented	Frequency	35	51	14	100
Personal-oriented	Percent	35.0	51.0	14.0	100.0
Lack of training and development	Frequency	74	22	3	99
Lack of training and development	Percent	74.7	22.2	3.0	100.0
Nonmember of IAF	Frequency	77	19	3	99
Nonmember of IAF	Percent	77.8	19.2	3.0	100.0
Outsourcing rather than employing	Frequency	51	27	22	100
Outsourcing rather than employing	Percent	51.0	27.0	22.0	100.0
TQM is a corrective action Lebanon does not belief in	Frequency	69	24	7	100
TQM is a corrective action Lebanon does not belief in	Percent	69.0	24.0	7.0	100.0
Government not setting clear rules	Frequency	73	22	5	100
Government not setting clear rules	Percent	73.0	22.0	5.0	100.0
Nonachievable targets	Frequency	64	34	2	100
Nonachievable targets	Percent	64.0	34.0	2.0	100.0
Top management commitment	Frequency	64	27	9	100
Top management commitment	Percent	64.0	27.0	9.0	100.0
Copying standards from other cultures	Frequency	71	20	9	100
Copying standards from other cultures	Percent	71.0	20.0	9.0	100.0
Emotionally directed	Frequency	54	18	27	99
Emotionally directed	Percent	54.5	18.2	27.3	100.0

Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements regarding the causes of total quality management (TQM) failures in Lebanon		Agree	Neutral	Disagree	Total
Lack of traceability	Frequency	88	11	1	100
Lack of traceability	Percent	88.0	11.0	1.0	100.0
Unsupportive government	Frequency	66	30	4	100
Unsupportive government	Percent	66.0	30.0	4.0	100.0
No obligatory standards	Frequency	66	32	2	100
No obligatory standards	Percent	66.0	32.0	2.0	100.0
Family organizations	Frequency	17	23	60	100
Family organizations	Percent	17.0	23.0	60.0	100.0
Short-term oriented culture	Frequency	51	33	16	100
Short-term oriented culture	Percent	51.0	33.0	16.0	100.0
Lack of gap analysis	Frequency	59	34	7	100
Lack of gap analysis	Percent	59.0	34.0	7.0	100.0
The absence of quality manager and department	Frequency	75	22	3	100
The absence of quality manager and department	Percent	75.0	22.0	3.0	100.0
Lack of educational culture	Frequency	71	22	7	100
Lack of educational culture	Percent	71.0	22.0	7.0	100.0
No commitment to ethical standards	Frequency	67	31	2	100
No commitment to ethical standards	Percent	67.0	31.0	2.0	100.0
Lack of job safety	Frequency	58	31	11	100
Lack of job safety	Percent	58.0	31.0	11.0	100.0
Personal-oriented	Frequency	35	51	14	100
Personal-oriented	Percent	35.0	51.0	14.0	100.0
Lack of training and development	Frequency	74	22	3	99
Lack of training and development	Percent	74.7	22.2	3.0	100.0
Nonmember of IAF	Frequency	77	19	3	99
Nonmember of IAF	Percent	77.8	19.2	3.0	100.0
Outsourcing rather than employing	Frequency	51	27	22	100
Outsourcing rather than employing	Percent	51.0	27.0	22.0	100.0
TQM is a corrective action Lebanon does not belief in	Frequency	69	24	7	100
TQM is a corrective action Lebanon does not belief in	Percent	69.0	24.0	7.0	100.0
Government not setting clear rules	Frequency	73	22	5	100
Government not setting clear rules	Percent	73.0	22.0	5.0	100.0
Nonachievable targets	Frequency	64	34	2	100
Nonachievable targets	Percent	64.0	34.0	2.0	100.0
Top management commitment	Frequency	64	27	9	100
Top management commitment	Percent	64.0	27.0	9.0	100.0
Copying standards from other cultures	Frequency	71	20	9	100
Copying standards from other cultures	Percent	71.0	20.0	9.0	100.0
Emotionally directed	Frequency	54	18	27	99
Emotionally directed	Percent	54.5	18.2	27.3	100.0

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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