Table 1.

Three types of leadership in CLT

Leadership typeDescriptionRoles
Administrative leadershipThe actions of individuals and groups in formal managerial roles who plan and coordinate organizational activities (the bureaucratic function)

  • Top-down oriented

  • Formal with set patterns

  • Planning and coordination towards outcomes

  • Efficiency and effectiveness

  • Focus on alignment and control

  • Represented by hierarchical and bureaucratic functions

Adaptive leadershipAn emergent, interactive dynamic that is the primary source by which adaptive outcomes are produced in a firm

  • Bottom-up oriented

  • Informal and emergent

  • Adaptive

  • Creative learning actions that emerge from the actions of multiple agents in the organization

Enabling leadershipServes to enable (catalyze) adaptive dynamics and help manage the entanglement between administrative and adaptive leadership

  • Top-down catalyst for optimal conditions for bottom-up adaptive capacity

  • Leads entanglement between bureaucratic (i.e. administrative) and emergent (i.e. adaptive) forms of leadership

Note(s):

Leadership descriptions from (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007, p. 306). Roles from (Schophuizen et al., 2022, p. 473)

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