Enabling factors and dynamic capabilities of AI at the individual and organisational levels
| Dynamic capability category | Individual level | Interaction mechanism | Organisational level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sensing Second-order themes First-order informant terms | Awareness and skills development
| Bottom-up: Mentorship and labs
| Strategic alignments
|
| Seizing Second-order themes First-order informant terms | Idea generation and experimentation
| Bottom-up: Collaborative planning and pilot programmes
| Strategy, scalability and organisational leadership
|
| Trans-forming Second-order themes First-order informant terms | Adaptability and innovation
| Bottom-up: Adoption of AI-driven practices
| Structural change and commitment
|
| Dynamic capability category | Individual level | Interaction mechanism | Organisational level |
|---|---|---|---|
Individuals recognise the potential of AI through personal interest AI-related skills through training, education, and small-scale testing | Mentoring programmes to develop individual AI competencies to foster skills development General innovation labs where individuals can experiment with AI technologies Active and encouraging communication about pilots Sector-specific collaborative platforms for sharing good practices Knowledge dissemination through workshops and external consultants Encouraging proactive identification of AI opportunities Strategic partnership consultancy model for sensing activities Peer support among public actors Free access to easy-to-use and continuously improving general AI tools Example set by leaders | Management support Continuous market and supplier scanning to find relevant AI solutions and practices Organisational small-scale proofs of concept Integrating AI awareness into strategic vision The combination of digitalisation and project management provides a solid basis for AI adoption Clear and AI-positive organisational policies on data protection and AI security Positive societal pressure Reform of the Administrative Act to use automation in the public sector | |
Encouraging individuals to brainstorm AI opportunities together Empowering individuals to experiment with AI solutions and take calculated risks | Development-oriented personnel Integration of individual contributions into strategic planning Creating cross-functional teams to integrate individual insights into evaluating AI initiatives Facilitating small-scale AI pilot projects to test feasibility and gather data for larger implementation Organisational platform for horizontal knowledge sharing and collaboration Large-language-model (LLM)-centric partnership model relying on a single language model Open and modular multi-vendor partnership model Organisationally tailored and secure do-it-yourself AI model based on open or closed language models | Strategy Management support Experimentation culture Implementation and prioritisation principles of AI initiatives and resource allocation Accessibility of data and continuous improvement of data quality Leadership action plan focusing on organisational AI adoption | |
Wide exploitation of general language models and tools at the individual level Encouraging a mindset of continuous learning and flexibility among employees Fostering a culture that values creativity and innovative thinking | Adoption of new AI-driven practices with general AI tools Adoption of individual sector-specific AI solutions for targeted needs Successful tendering of AI solutions/partnerships to enable further implementation Successful implementation of AI projects and/or AI updates to existing solutions Implementation of change management practices Implementing a mechanism to regularly collect feedback and ROI in AI projects | Management support Dynamic organisational culture Modifying organisational structures and processes to better integrate AI capabilities Dynamic resource reallocation to AI initiatives Commitment to AI by embedding it into organisational culture and practices Regular feedback systems to align individual AI capabilities with organisational goals Establishing processes to scale successful AI pilots across the organisation Organisation’s procurement maturity |
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