Table 3

Path coefficients and direct effects

Direct corresponding paths
Path coefficientT-statistics*Hypothesis support
Workplace ostracism → Extra-role behaviors−0.2012.166*H1 supported
Workplace ostracism → Thriving at work−0.2885.150***H2a supported
Workplace ostracism → Organization-based self-esteem−0.3236.344***H3a supported
Thriving at work → Extra-role behaviors0.1912.289*H2b supported
Organization-based self-esteem → Extra-role behaviors0.4496.467***H3b supported

Note(s): *indicates significant paths: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 ns = not significant

Source(s): Authors' own work. Values generated through SmartPLS 4.0 Ringle et al. (2024) 

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