Table A1.

Literature gap analysis

RecordResearch methodGenAI focusSocial impact focusProcessual mechanism focusContext
"Automated agrifood futures: robotics, labor and the distributive politics of digital agriculture,” Carolan (2020) Case analysisPartialXDigital agriculture
“ Large language models can help boost food production, but be mindful of their risks,” De Clercq et al. (2024) PerspectiveXXPartialFood production
"Artificial intelligence and reduced SMEs’ business risks. A dynamic capabilities analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Drydakis (2022) EmpiricalXXSMEs
"Realizing the potential of digital development: The case of agricultural advice,” Fabregas et al. (2019) Review / case analysisXAgricultural advice
"Applications and perspectives of Generative Artificial Intelligence in agriculture,” Pallottino et al. (2025) Literature reviewXXPartialPrecision farming
"Generative artificial intelligence in small and medium enterprises: Navigating its promises and challenges,” Rajaram and Tinguely (2024) ConceptualXPartialPartialSMEs
"Unleashing the Power of Generative AI in Agriculture 4.0 for Smart and Sustainable Farming,” Sai et al. (2025) ReviewXXAgriculture 4.0
"Large language models and agricultural extension services,” Tzachor et al. (2023) Perspective / user testingXXPartialNigerian cassava farmers using GenAI
Current studyQualitative longitudinal multicase studyXXXSmall agricultural businesses using GenAI
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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