PPP ESG assessment criteria
| ESG indicators | ESG assessment criteria | Key references | Number of occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental | Air Quality during the construction of the PPP project (EAC1) | Jiang et al. (2024) | 8 |
| Carbon Footprint Reduction (EAC2) | Parlangeli (2023), Purpura (2022) | 7 | |
| Using eco-friendly materials which are resilient to climate change (EAC3) | Pambudi et al. (2023), Kostrikin and Andreeva (2023) | 7 | |
| Green Solid waste reduction (EAC4) | Radzi et al. (2024), Kharlamov (2023), Purpura (2022) | 16 | |
| Energy use and conservation measures during the construction and operation (EAC5) | Agyekum et al. (2022), Li et al. (2022) | 14 | |
| Reduced impact on biodiversity and ecology during the project construction (EAC6) | Gurmu et al. (2022), Alfonso-Ercan (2020) | 19 | |
| Reduction in the spilling of chemical substances from projects (EAC7) | Hosny et al. (2022), Ma et al. (2021) | 7 | |
| Reducing the negative impact on Land Use and Landscape during construction of PPP projects (EAC8) | Rosasco and Sdino (2023) | 9 | |
| Noise Pollution reduction (EAC9) | Dolla and Laishram (2020) | 4 | |
| Determine the physical climate risk prior to the planning, construction, and operation of PPP projects (EAC10) | Rostamnezhad and Thaheem (2022) | 3 | |
| PPP Project Siting (EAC11) | Kordi et al. (2021) | 5 | |
| Reduction in the impact on water quality during construction of PPP project (EAC12) | Radzi et al. (2024), Li et al. (2022) | 7 | |
| Reducing unsustainable use of water use during construction of PPP projects (EAC13) | Hosny et al. (2022) | 5 | |
| Social | Improve Community Development and Economic Contribution (SAC1) | Jiang et al. (2024), Wong and Loo (2022) | 19 |
| Significant Community Outreach and Engagement at phases of the project (SAC2) | Sukasuka et al. (2022), Dauenhauer et al. (2020), Gijzel et al. (2019) | 19 | |
| Protecting cultural resources, and Indigenous rights (SAC3) | Kim and Chang (2022), Karji et al. (2019) | 14 | |
| Ensuring Diversity, Equality, Inclusivity, and Access in PPPs (SAC4) | Pambudi et al. (2023), Yuan et al. (2020) | 19 | |
| Providing employment opportunities based one sound work environment ethics (SAC5) | Kordi et al. (2019), Vijayakumar et al. (2022) | 19 | |
| Maximizing end of life responsibilities at all phases of the project (SAC6) | Gurmu et al. (2022), Parlangeli (2023) | 4 | |
| Ensuring transparent labour rights and working conditions (SAC7) | Monyane and Awuzie (2019), Lindell and Olander (2019) | 6 | |
| Protect human rights during the construction and operation (SAC8) | Kordi et al. (2019), Lindell and Olander (2019) | 12 | |
| Protection of Cultural heritage during construction (SAC9) | Dolla and Laishram (2020), Karji et al. (2019) | 5 | |
| Providing appropriate resettling, rehabilitation, and compensation (SAC10) | Vijayakumar et al. (2022), Li et al. (2022) | 3 | |
| Adequate planning for timeframe pressures emerging from PPP projects (SAC11) | Wang et al. (2022) | 3 | |
| Project improves quality of life (SAC12) | Kostrikin and Andreeva (2023), Rosasco and Sdino (2023) | 15 | |
| Effective PPP tendering and awarding through stakeholder engagement (SAC13) | Jiang et al. (2024), Goel et al. (2020), Monyane and Awuzie (2019) | 24 | |
| Provides local business support (SAC14) | Sukasuka et al. (2022), Kordi et al. (2021) | 6 | |
| Reduced traffic situation at Project site (SAC15) | Kharlamov (2023), Wong and Loo (2022) | 4 | |
| Provides adequate training and education workshops for all stakeholders during the operational phase of the project (SAC16) | Rosasco and Sdino (2023), Rostamnezhad and Thaheem (2022) | 16 | |
| Prioritizes worker health and safety (SAC17) | Kim and Chang (2022), Dolla and Laishram (2020) | 28 | |
| Governance | Effective performance reporting and monitoring during project operation (GAC1) | Korhonen et al. (2023) | 1 |
| Adherence to standard PPP procurement process (GAC2) | Afzal and Lim (2022) | 2 | |
| Effective methods for addressing conflict of interest in PPP projects (GAC3) | Purpura (2022) | 2 | |
| Due diligence with tender documents and drafted PPP contracts (GAC4) | Opoku et al. (2022), Hendiani and Bagherpour (2019) | 9 | |
| Defined plan for reaching commercial and financial close (GAC5) | Nasirzadeh et al. (2020), Rostamnezhad et al. (2020) | 12 | |
| Reliable Cybersecurity, Data Protection and Privacy plan (GAC6) | Hendiani and Bagherpour (2019) | 7 | |
| Promoting integrity throughout the project lifecycle (GAC7) | Goel et al. (2020) | 9 | |
| Focusing on value-for-money drivers (GAC8) | Hosny et al. (2022) | 1 | |
| Adherence to sound legal practices (GAC9) | Kim and Chang (2022) | 2 | |
| Reduced political influence (GAC10) | Parlangeli (2023) | 1 | |
| Ensuring proper market sentiment analysis during procurement and project operation (GAC11) | Nasirzadeh et al. (2020) | 4 | |
| Effective planning and risk assessment (GAC12) | Karji et al. (2019) | 3 | |
| Requisite Team Competence (GAC13) | Hosny et al. (2022) | 1 | |
| Improved supply chain planning (GAC14) | Kordi et al. (2021) | 11 | |
| Reliable technological capabilities throughout the project lifecycle (GAC15) | Afzal and Lim (2022), Almahmoud and Doloi (2020) | 4 | |
| Reliable whistle blower policy (GAC16) | Parlangeli (2023) | 1 |
| ESG indicators | ESG assessment criteria | Key references | Number of occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental | Air Quality during the construction of the PPP project (EAC1) | 8 | |
| Carbon Footprint Reduction (EAC2) | 7 | ||
| Using eco-friendly materials which are resilient to climate change (EAC3) | 7 | ||
| Green Solid waste reduction (EAC4) | 16 | ||
| Energy use and conservation measures during the construction and operation (EAC5) | 14 | ||
| Reduced impact on biodiversity and ecology during the project construction (EAC6) | 19 | ||
| Reduction in the spilling of chemical substances from projects (EAC7) | 7 | ||
| Reducing the negative impact on Land Use and Landscape during construction of PPP projects (EAC8) | 9 | ||
| Noise Pollution reduction (EAC9) | 4 | ||
| Determine the physical climate risk prior to the planning, construction, and operation of PPP projects (EAC10) | 3 | ||
| PPP Project Siting (EAC11) | 5 | ||
| Reduction in the impact on water quality during construction of PPP project (EAC12) | 7 | ||
| Reducing unsustainable use of water use during construction of PPP projects (EAC13) | 5 | ||
| Social | Improve Community Development and Economic Contribution (SAC1) | 19 | |
| Significant Community Outreach and Engagement at phases of the project (SAC2) | 19 | ||
| Protecting cultural resources, and Indigenous rights (SAC3) | 14 | ||
| Ensuring Diversity, Equality, Inclusivity, and Access in PPPs (SAC4) | 19 | ||
| Providing employment opportunities based one sound work environment ethics (SAC5) | 19 | ||
| Maximizing end of life responsibilities at all phases of the project (SAC6) | 4 | ||
| Ensuring transparent labour rights and working conditions (SAC7) | 6 | ||
| Protect human rights during the construction and operation (SAC8) | 12 | ||
| Protection of Cultural heritage during construction (SAC9) | 5 | ||
| Providing appropriate resettling, rehabilitation, and compensation (SAC10) | 3 | ||
| Adequate planning for timeframe pressures emerging from PPP projects (SAC11) | 3 | ||
| Project improves quality of life (SAC12) | 15 | ||
| Effective PPP tendering and awarding through stakeholder engagement (SAC13) | 24 | ||
| Provides local business support (SAC14) | 6 | ||
| Reduced traffic situation at Project site (SAC15) | 4 | ||
| Provides adequate training and education workshops for all stakeholders during the operational phase of the project (SAC16) | 16 | ||
| Prioritizes worker health and safety (SAC17) | 28 | ||
| Governance | Effective performance reporting and monitoring during project operation (GAC1) | 1 | |
| Adherence to standard PPP procurement process (GAC2) | 2 | ||
| Effective methods for addressing conflict of interest in PPP projects (GAC3) | 2 | ||
| Due diligence with tender documents and drafted PPP contracts (GAC4) | 9 | ||
| Defined plan for reaching commercial and financial close (GAC5) | 12 | ||
| Reliable Cybersecurity, Data Protection and Privacy plan (GAC6) | 7 | ||
| Promoting integrity throughout the project lifecycle (GAC7) | 9 | ||
| Focusing on value-for-money drivers (GAC8) | 1 | ||
| Adherence to sound legal practices (GAC9) | 2 | ||
| Reduced political influence (GAC10) | 1 | ||
| Ensuring proper market sentiment analysis during procurement and project operation (GAC11) | 4 | ||
| Effective planning and risk assessment (GAC12) | 3 | ||
| Requisite Team Competence (GAC13) | 1 | ||
| Improved supply chain planning (GAC14) | 11 | ||
| Reliable technological capabilities throughout the project lifecycle (GAC15) | 4 | ||
| Reliable whistle blower policy (GAC16) | 1 |
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