Control variables definition and sources
| Control variables | Definition | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Total number of students enrolled at university, rescaled in thousands | Ministry of university database |
| STEM faculty ratio | Proportion of faculty members specializing in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) | |
| Tuition | Average tuition fees paid by students, rescaled in thousands | |
| The dummy | Dummy equals to 1 if the university is ranked in THE ranking for the year under consideration, 0 otherwise | THE website |
| RUS | Dummy equals to 1 for year from year 2015 onwards | RUS website |
| PNRR | Dummy equals to 1 for year from year 2021 onwards | Ministry of university database |
| Control variables | Definition | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Total number of students enrolled at university, rescaled in thousands | Ministry of university database |
| Proportion of faculty members specializing in science, technology, engineering and mathematics ( | ||
| Tuition | Average tuition fees paid by students, rescaled in thousands | |
| The dummy | Dummy equals to 1 if the university is ranked in | |
| Dummy equals to 1 for year from year 2015 onwards | ||
| Dummy equals to 1 for year from year 2021 onwards | Ministry of university database |
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