Table 4 ECS MR 2013 and 2019 conditional...

Table 4

ECS MR 2013 and 2019 conditional indirect effect moderated mediation results

ECS MR 2019 results^a	Innovation capability			Firm performance
Management respondents	Mediator			Dependent variable
	Coeff	SE	95% CI	Coeff	SE	95% CI
Intercept	−0.04 ^***	(0.01)	−0.06, −0.02	0.05 ^***	(0.01)	0.03, 0.07
Data analytics (H1)	0.10 ^***	(0.01)	0.09, 0.11	0.01 ^***	(0.00)	0.00, 0.02
Involvement	0.21 ^***	(0.01)	0.19, 0.23	-	–	-
Data analytics × Involvement (H2)	0.18 ^***	(0.03)	0.12, 0.23	-	–	-
Innovation (H3)	-	–	-	0.05 ^***	(0.00)	0.04, 0.06
Control variables
Firm growth	0.11 ^***	(0.00)	0.09, 0.12	0.24 ^***	(0.00)	0.24, 0.26
International orientation	0.08 ^**	(0.00)	0.07, 0.09	0.02 ^***	(0.00)	0.01, 0.02
Hierarchical complexity	0.05 ^***	(0.01)	0.02, 0.08	0.01	(0.01)	−0.01, 0.02
Demand dynamism	0.03 ^***	(0.00)	0.01, 0.04	−0.06 ^***	(0.01)	−0.07, −0.05
Industry concentration	−0.04 ^***	(0.00)	−0.05, −0.02	−0.01 ^***	(0.01)	−0.02, −0.00
Employee monitoring	0.11 ^***	(0.00)	0.09, 0.12	0.01 ^**	(0.00)	0.00, 0.02
Industry dummies	Included			Included
Country dummies	Included			Included
R² (adj)	0.17			0.23
F-value	94.96 ^***			138.45 ^***
n	18,616

ECS MR 2019 results^a	Innovation capability			Firm performance
Management respondents	Mediator			Dependent variable
	Coeff	SE	95% CI	Coeff	SE	95% CI
Intercept	−0.04 ^***	(0.01)	−0.06, −0.02	0.05 ^***	(0.01)	0.03, 0.07
Data analytics (H1)	0.10 ^***	(0.01)	0.09, 0.11	0.01 ^***	(0.00)	0.00, 0.02
Involvement	0.21 ^***	(0.01)	0.19, 0.23	-	–	-
Data analytics × Involvement (H2)	0.18 ^***	(0.03)	0.12, 0.23	-	–	-
Innovation (H3)	-	–	-	0.05 ^***	(0.00)	0.04, 0.06
Control variables
Firm growth	0.11 ^***	(0.00)	0.09, 0.12	0.24 ^***	(0.00)	0.24, 0.26
International orientation	0.08 ^**	(0.00)	0.07, 0.09	0.02 ^***	(0.00)	0.01, 0.02
Hierarchical complexity	0.05 ^***	(0.01)	0.02, 0.08	0.01	(0.01)	−0.01, 0.02
Demand dynamism	0.03 ^***	(0.00)	0.01, 0.04	−0.06 ^***	(0.01)	−0.07, −0.05
Industry concentration	−0.04 ^***	(0.00)	−0.05, −0.02	−0.01 ^***	(0.01)	−0.02, −0.00
Employee monitoring	0.11 ^***	(0.00)	0.09, 0.12	0.01 ^**	(0.00)	0.00, 0.02
Industry dummies	Included			Included
Country dummies	Included			Included
R² (adj)	0.17			0.23
F-value	94.96 ^***			138.45 ^***
n	18,616

ECS MR 2013 results	Innovation capability			Firm performance
Management respondents	Mediator			Dependent variable
	Coeff	SE	95% CI	Coeff	SE	95% CI
Intercept	−0.04 ^***	(0.01)	−0.05, −0.03	0.09^***	(0.01)	0.08, 0.10
Data analytics (H1)	0.19 ^***	(0.01)	0.17, 0.21	0.04 ^***	(0.01)	0.03, 0.06
Involvement	0.30 ^***	(0.01)	0.28, 0.32	-	–	-
Data analytics × Involvement (H2)^b	0.08 ^*	(0.05)	−0.01, 0.18	-	–	-
Innovation (H3)	-	–	-	0.05 ^***	(0.00)	0.05, 0.06
Control variables
Firm growth	0.08 ^***	(0.01)	0.06, 0.09	0.22 ^***	(0.00)	0.21, 0.22
Hierarchical complexity	0.40 ^***	(0.00)	0.31, 0.50	0.12 ^***	(0.03)	0.06, 0.17
Industry dummies	Included			Included
Country dummies	Included			Included
R² (adj)	0.15			0.30
F-value	88.19 ^***			215.25 ^***
n	19,470

ECS MR 2013 results	Innovation capability			Firm performance
Management respondents	Mediator			Dependent variable
	Coeff	SE	95% CI	Coeff	SE	95% CI
Intercept	−0.04 ^***	(0.01)	−0.05, −0.03	0.09^***	(0.01)	0.08, 0.10
Data analytics (H1)	0.19 ^***	(0.01)	0.17, 0.21	0.04 ^***	(0.01)	0.03, 0.06
Involvement	0.30 ^***	(0.01)	0.28, 0.32	-	–	-
Data analytics × Involvement (H2)^b	0.08 ^*	(0.05)	−0.01, 0.18	-	–	-
Innovation (H3)	-	–	-	0.05 ^***	(0.00)	0.05, 0.06
Control variables
Firm growth	0.08 ^***	(0.01)	0.06, 0.09	0.22 ^***	(0.00)	0.21, 0.22
Hierarchical complexity	0.40 ^***	(0.00)	0.31, 0.50	0.12 ^***	(0.03)	0.06, 0.17
Industry dummies	Included			Included
Country dummies	Included			Included
R² (adj)	0.15			0.30
F-value	88.19 ^***			215.25 ^***
n	19,470

Note(s): Robust standard errors in parentheses, two tailed significance (* = p < 0.10, ** = p < 0.05, *** = p < 0.01). CI: Confidence interval

The ECS MR 2019 model was also reassessed based on the same control variables that are available for the ECS MR 2013 survey data, confirming the DA, INVOLVEMENT, and DA × INVOLVEMENT coefficients

Interaction effects are significant at the 1% level for process innovation specifically (supplementary file 8.5) and at the 5% level for manufacturing (supplementary file 8.4)

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