Summary of barriers to implementing green concrete
| Aspects | Barriers | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Economic | Higher initial cost | McLellan et al. (2011), Henry and Kato (2014) |
| Lack of incentive to pioneer | Altarazzi et al. (2022) | |
| Market uncertainties | Altarazzi et al. (2022) | |
| Shrinking of domestic market | Henry and Kato (2014) | |
| Fragmented supply chain | Busch et al. (2022) | |
| Transaction cost in procurement | Busch et al. (2022) | |
| Country-specific market mechanism | Henry and Kato (2014) | |
| Institutional | Deficiency of carbon policy and guideline | Henry and Kato (2014), Suhendro (2014) |
| Lack of regulation for recycled material and concrete optimization | Henry and Kato (2014) | |
| Insufficient commitment from top management | Henry and Kato (2014) | |
| Lack of knowledge transfer between research and industry | Orozco et al. (2023) | |
| Organizational resources | Orozco et al. (2023) | |
| Complex stakeholder relationship | Henry and Kato (2014) | |
| Social | Lack of motivation | Suhendro (2014) |
| Preference for maintaining status quo | Suhendro (2014), Altarrazi et al. (2022), Busch et al. (2022) | |
| Negative perception of waste material | Altarrazi et al. (2022) | |
| Intangible of benefit | Henry and Kato (2014) | |
| Lack of experience and information | Altarrazi et al. (2022), Orozco et al. (2023) | |
| Technical | Conservative codes and standards | Darko and Chan (2017) |
| Absence of lifespan and durability data | Wong (2022) | |
| Lack of life cycle analysis data | Hafez et al. (2019) | |
| Gap between incubation and ready to use product | Sandbæk (2023) | |
| Variation in quality of concrete materials | Danish and Mosaberpanah (2022) | |
| Fast pace construction schedule | Henry and Kato (2014) |
| Aspects | Barriers | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Economic | Higher initial cost | |
| Lack of incentive to pioneer | ||
| Market uncertainties | ||
| Shrinking of domestic market | ||
| Fragmented supply chain | ||
| Transaction cost in procurement | ||
| Country-specific market mechanism | ||
| Institutional | Deficiency of carbon policy and guideline | |
| Lack of regulation for recycled material and concrete optimization | ||
| Insufficient commitment from top management | ||
| Lack of knowledge transfer between research and industry | ||
| Organizational resources | ||
| Complex stakeholder relationship | ||
| Social | Lack of motivation | |
| Preference for maintaining status quo | ||
| Negative perception of waste material | ||
| Intangible of benefit | ||
| Lack of experience and information | ||
| Technical | Conservative codes and standards | |
| Absence of lifespan and durability data | ||
| Lack of life cycle analysis data | ||
| Gap between incubation and ready to use product | ||
| Variation in quality of concrete materials | ||
| Fast pace construction schedule |
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