Potential pathways for green concrete transition
| Pathways | Transition process | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| Breakout mechanism | Market viability and successful implementation of new SCMs (calcined clays, volcanic ashes and/or bottom ash) and/or CCUS by existing cement manufacturers | Bottom-up |
| Maturation and market penetration of geopolymer concrete, securing a certain market share | Bottom-up | |
| Substitution | New types of cement utilizing calcined clays, bottom ashes or volcanic ashes as SCMs are challenging the current dominance of slag-based SCM cement producers. This shift is changing the shape of the country's cement market | Bottom-up |
| Transformation | The incumbent cement company endorses the pilot project and development for the new SCMs alternatives, integrating them successfully with the existing manufacturing facilities. These new SCM alternatives meet the target for carbon reduction | Top-down |
| The incumbent cement company backs the pilot project and development of new SCM alternatives and CCUS, which are successfully integrated into the existing facilities. However, the performance of these new SCM alternatives falls short of achieving the carbon reduction target. Further reductions in residual carbon from CCUS are needed due to the inevitable presence of clinker | Top-down/internal layer | |
| Reconfiguration | Certain companies specializing in CCUS technologies (shared technology with other sectors) have matured in technical and economic feasibility. Cement manufacturers are creating joint ventures with these CCUS companies to provide low-carbon cement to the market | Bottom-up |
| Pathways | Transition process | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| Breakout mechanism | Market viability and successful implementation of new SCMs (calcined clays, volcanic ashes and/or bottom ash) and/or CCUS by existing cement manufacturers | Bottom-up |
| Maturation and market penetration of geopolymer concrete, securing a certain market share | Bottom-up | |
| Substitution | New types of cement utilizing calcined clays, bottom ashes or volcanic ashes as SCMs are challenging the current dominance of slag-based SCM cement producers. This shift is changing the shape of the country's cement market | Bottom-up |
| Transformation | The incumbent cement company endorses the pilot project and development for the new SCMs alternatives, integrating them successfully with the existing manufacturing facilities. These new SCM alternatives meet the target for carbon reduction | Top-down |
| The incumbent cement company backs the pilot project and development of new SCM alternatives and CCUS, which are successfully integrated into the existing facilities. However, the performance of these new SCM alternatives falls short of achieving the carbon reduction target. Further reductions in residual carbon from CCUS are needed due to the inevitable presence of clinker | Top-down/internal layer | |
| Reconfiguration | Certain companies specializing in CCUS technologies (shared technology with other sectors) have matured in technical and economic feasibility. Cement manufacturers are creating joint ventures with these CCUS companies to provide low-carbon cement to the market | Bottom-up |
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