Participant demographics
| Demographic variable | Category | Percentage (%) | Frequency (n) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 50% | 30 |
| Female | 50% | 20 | |
| Academic background | Mechanical engineering | 30% | 25 |
| Industrial engineering | 20% | 10 | |
| Production/manufacturing engineering | 20% | 10 | |
| Others | 10% | 5 | |
| Years of experience | Less than three years | 30% | 15 |
| 3–5 years | 40% | 20 | |
| More than five years | 30% | 15 | |
| Lean tools familiarity | 5S | 100% | 50 |
| Kaizen | 80% | 45 | |
| TPM | 85% | 42 | |
| VSM | 70% | 35 | |
| Lean training received | Yes | 68% | 34 |
| No | 32% | 16 | |
| Certifications held | Yes (lean-related certifications) | 55% | 27 |
| No certifications | 45% | 23 |
| Demographic variable | Category | Percentage (%) | Frequency ( |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 50% | 30 |
| Female | 50% | 20 | |
| Academic background | Mechanical engineering | 30% | 25 |
| Industrial engineering | 20% | 10 | |
| Production/manufacturing engineering | 20% | 10 | |
| Others | 10% | 5 | |
| Years of experience | Less than three years | 30% | 15 |
| 3–5 years | 40% | 20 | |
| More than five years | 30% | 15 | |
| Lean tools familiarity | 5S | 100% | 50 |
| Kaizen | 80% | 45 | |
| TPM | 85% | 42 | |
| VSM | 70% | 35 | |
| Lean training received | Yes | 68% | 34 |
| No | 32% | 16 | |
| Certifications held | Yes (lean-related certifications) | 55% | 27 |
| No certifications | 45% | 23 |
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