Literature sources informing construct operationalization
| Construct | Key literature sources | Core dimensions adapted | Adaptation to humanitarian context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic sanctions | Allen and Lektzian (2013); Mallard et al. (2020); Ivanov (2022) | Financial restrictions, procurement barriers, supplier access limitations, compliance burdens | Items were adapted to capture respondents’ operational exposure to sanctions-related constraints rather than formal sanction regimes |
| Border closures | Jahre et al. (2009); Kovács and Spens (2011); Apriliyati and Pasan (2024) | Transportation disruptions, customs delays, restricted movement of goods and personnel, access limitations | Items were contextualized to reflect day-to-day humanitarian logistics challenges arising from border restrictions |
| Humanitarian supply chain resilience capabilities | Teece (2007); Ponomarov and Holcomb (2009); Pettit et al. (2013); Dubey et al. (2018) | Sensing, adaptation, flexibility, resource reconfiguration, recovery capability | Items were refined to capture resilience capabilities within politically constrained humanitarian environments |
| Institutional and political complexity | Oliver (1991); Scott (2013); Jahre and Jensen (2010) | Regulatory fragmentation, political interference, donor compliance requirements, governance complexity | Items were adapted to assess the complexity of institutional and political environments encountered by humanitarian organizations |
| Humanitarian logistics performance | Beamon and Balcik (2008); Jahre et al. (2009); Van Wassenhove (2006) | Delivery timeliness, cost efficiency, supply continuity, reliability, equitable aid access | Items were modified to evaluate logistics outcomes under conflict-affected and politically disrupted conditions |
| Organizational experience (control variable) | Jahre et al. (2009); Kovács and Spens (2011); Dubey et al. (2020) | Organizational learning, accumulated expertise, operational maturity | Items were adapted to reflect experience gained through repeated humanitarian interventions in fragile contexts |
| Construct | Key literature sources | Core dimensions adapted | Adaptation to humanitarian context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic sanctions | Financial restrictions, procurement barriers, supplier access limitations, compliance burdens | Items were adapted to capture respondents’ operational exposure to sanctions-related constraints rather than formal sanction regimes | |
| Border closures | Transportation disruptions, customs delays, restricted movement of goods and personnel, access limitations | Items were contextualized to reflect day-to-day humanitarian logistics challenges arising from border restrictions | |
| Humanitarian supply chain resilience capabilities | Sensing, adaptation, flexibility, resource reconfiguration, recovery capability | Items were refined to capture resilience capabilities within politically constrained humanitarian environments | |
| Institutional and political complexity | Regulatory fragmentation, political interference, donor compliance requirements, governance complexity | Items were adapted to assess the complexity of institutional and political environments encountered by humanitarian organizations | |
| Humanitarian logistics performance | Delivery timeliness, cost efficiency, supply continuity, reliability, equitable aid access | Items were modified to evaluate logistics outcomes under conflict-affected and politically disrupted conditions | |
| Organizational experience (control variable) | Organizational learning, accumulated expertise, operational maturity | Items were adapted to reflect experience gained through repeated humanitarian interventions in fragile contexts |
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