Construct operationalization
| Construct | Reference | Item code | Item description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic sanctions (IV) | Allen and Lektzian (2013); Mallard et al. (2020); Ivanov (2022) | ES1 | Economic sanctions delay the procurement of humanitarian supplies |
| ES2 | Financial restrictions limit our ability to transfer funds for humanitarian operations | ||
| ES3 | Sanctions complicate contracting with suppliers and logistics service providers | ||
| ES4 | Compliance with sanctions significantly increases logistics operating costs | ||
| ES5 | Sanctions reduce flexibility in humanitarian logistics decision-making | ||
| Border closures (IV) | Jahre et al. (2009); Kovács and Spens (2011); Apriliyati and Pasan (2024) | BC1 | Border closures frequently delay cross-border humanitarian shipments |
| BC2 | Sudden border restrictions disrupt planned logistics routes | ||
| BC3 | Border closures increase uncertainty in delivery schedules | ||
| BC4 | Humanitarian access corridors are often unpredictable or temporarily suspended | ||
| BC5 | Border restrictions reduce the reliability of last-mile deliveries | ||
| Humanitarian supply chain resilience capabilities (mediator) | Teece (2007); Ponomarov and Holcomb (2009); Pettit et al. (2013); Dubey et al. (2018) | HSCRC1 | Our organization can quickly reroute supplies when access routes are disrupted |
| HSCRC2 | Logistics plans can be rapidly adjusted in response to political or regulatory changes | ||
| HSCRC3 | Local sourcing helps maintain operations during border closures | ||
| HSCRC4 | Pre-positioned inventory enables continued aid delivery under access restrictions | ||
| HSCRC5 | Strong coordination with partners improves response during political disruptions | ||
| Institutional & political complexity (moderator) | Oliver (1991); Scott (2013); Jahre and Jensen (2010) | IPC1 | Our operations are governed by regulations from multiple authorities |
| IPC2 | Donor compliance requirements significantly constrain logistics decisions | ||
| IPC3 | Coordination with military or security actors complicates logistics operations | ||
| IPC4 | Regulatory requirements frequently conflict with humanitarian priorities | ||
| Humanitarian logistics performance (DV) | Beamon and Balcik (2008); Jahre et al. (2009); Van Wassenhove (2006) | HLP1 | Humanitarian supplies reach beneficiaries within planned timeframes |
| HLP2 | Logistics operations remain cost-effective despite political constraints | ||
| HLP3 | Aid delivery remains reliable during periods of sanctions or border closures | ||
| HLP4 | Supply interruptions are minimized under severe access restrictions | ||
| HLP5 | Vulnerable populations receive aid equitably despite logistical constraints | ||
| Organizational experience (control) | Jahre et al. (2009); Kovács and Spens (2011); Dubey et al. (2020) | OE1 | Our organization has extensive experience in humanitarian logistics operations |
| OE2 | Our organization has successfully managed multiple humanitarian crises in the past | ||
| OE3 | Our logistics teams are highly experienced in operating under conflict-affected or fragile contexts | ||
| OE4 | Our organization has well-established processes and standard operating procedures for disaster relief logistics | ||
| OE5 | Our organization can quickly adapt logistics operations based on prior crisis experience |
| Construct | Reference | Item code | Item description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economic sanctions ( | ES1 | Economic sanctions delay the procurement of humanitarian supplies | |
| ES2 | Financial restrictions limit our ability to transfer funds for humanitarian operations | ||
| ES3 | Sanctions complicate contracting with suppliers and logistics service providers | ||
| ES4 | Compliance with sanctions significantly increases logistics operating costs | ||
| ES5 | Sanctions reduce flexibility in humanitarian logistics decision-making | ||
| Border closures ( | BC1 | Border closures frequently delay cross-border humanitarian shipments | |
| BC2 | Sudden border restrictions disrupt planned logistics routes | ||
| BC3 | Border closures increase uncertainty in delivery schedules | ||
| BC4 | Humanitarian access corridors are often unpredictable or temporarily suspended | ||
| BC5 | Border restrictions reduce the reliability of last-mile deliveries | ||
| Humanitarian supply chain resilience capabilities (mediator) | HSCRC1 | Our organization can quickly reroute supplies when access routes are disrupted | |
| HSCRC2 | Logistics plans can be rapidly adjusted in response to political or regulatory changes | ||
| HSCRC3 | Local sourcing helps maintain operations during border closures | ||
| HSCRC4 | Pre-positioned inventory enables continued aid delivery under access restrictions | ||
| HSCRC5 | Strong coordination with partners improves response during political disruptions | ||
| Institutional & political complexity (moderator) | IPC1 | Our operations are governed by regulations from multiple authorities | |
| IPC2 | Donor compliance requirements significantly constrain logistics decisions | ||
| IPC3 | Coordination with military or security actors complicates logistics operations | ||
| IPC4 | Regulatory requirements frequently conflict with humanitarian priorities | ||
| Humanitarian logistics performance ( | HLP1 | Humanitarian supplies reach beneficiaries within planned timeframes | |
| HLP2 | Logistics operations remain cost-effective despite political constraints | ||
| HLP3 | Aid delivery remains reliable during periods of sanctions or border closures | ||
| HLP4 | Supply interruptions are minimized under severe access restrictions | ||
| HLP5 | Vulnerable populations receive aid equitably despite logistical constraints | ||
| Organizational experience (control) | OE1 | Our organization has extensive experience in humanitarian logistics operations | |
| OE2 | Our organization has successfully managed multiple humanitarian crises in the past | ||
| OE3 | Our logistics teams are highly experienced in operating under conflict-affected or fragile contexts | ||
| OE4 | Our organization has well-established processes and standard operating procedures for disaster relief logistics | ||
| OE5 | Our organization can quickly adapt logistics operations based on prior crisis experience |
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