Table 1

Quantitative variables used from each research discipline

Research disciplineTopicsVariable
Health promotion (Douglas et al., 2017; Gonson et al., 2018; Hartig et al., 2014; Jenkinson et al., 2013)Resident's physical activity levels*How often are trails used
Length of time spent on the trails
Physical effort
Resident social participation levels related to their outdoor recreation activity*Member of a club
*Volunteering time
*Outdoor activity alone or with others
Perceptions of safetyFeel safe on trails
Attributes of the outdoor recreation reserves and trail of the importance of residents*Important attributes of the outdoor recreation area
Leisure research (Bryan, 2000; McCormack et al., 2010; Munar and Jacobsen, 2014)Level of recreation specialisation of trail users, focusing on visitation attitudes and behaviours*Being a part of an outdoor recreation community
Overnight trips
Use of social media to record activity
Experience level
*How often are trails used
*Member of a club
*Volunteering time
*Important attributes of the outdoor recreation area
*Users restrictions are required to preserve the natural area
*Enforcement of trail closures
*Voluntary code of conduct for trail users
Sustainability (Manning, 2011; Marion, 2016)Trail user support for park management strategies*User restrictions are required to preserve the natural area
*Enforcement of trail closures
*Voluntary code of conduct for trail users

Note(s): *Variables that can be utilised across research approaches

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