Table 2.

Quality assessment (QA) – methodological rigor (MR) appraisal of selected core studies

StudyStudy typeContextFocus areaQA-MR
Alizadeh et al. (2025) Conceptual/empirical studyAlgorithmic control systemsManagerial legitimacy and control systemsHigh
Kellogg et al. (2020) Conceptual reviewWorkplace algorithmsAlgorithms and workplace controlHigh
Duggan et al. (2019) Review studyGig economyAlgorithmic management and HRMHigh
Duggan et al. (2023) Empirical studyApp-based workersAlgorithmic HRM controlHigh
Rahman (2021) Qualitative studyPlatform workersWorker reactions to opaque evaluationsHigh
Veen et al. (2019) Labour process analysisFood delivery workersLabour control and worker resistanceHigh
Parth et al. (2023) Qualitative studyIndian cab driversCollective action and solidarityHigh
Woodcock and Graham (2020) Scholarly bookGig economy and platform labourLabour relations and digital workHigh
Ghosh (2020) Qualitative studyIndian ride-hailing workersInformal learning practicesModerate
Liu et al. (2024) Empirical studyIndiaDigital skills, caste and gender inequalityHigh
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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