Quality assessment (QA) and methodological rigor (MR) appraisal table
| Study | Study type | Context | Focus area | Methodological rigor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmed and Islam (2020) | Case study | India and Bangladesh ride-hailing platforms | Algorithmic bias in ride-hailing | Moderate |
| Ahuja and Yadav (2019) | Empirical study | Rural India | Digital pedagogy and rural learning | Moderate |
| Alacovska et al. (2024) | Qualitative study | Gig workers/platform labour | Affective experiences under algorithmic management | High |
| Alizadeh et al. (2025) | Conceptual/empirical study | Algorithmic control systems | Managerial legitimacy and control systems | High |
| Asrani (2022) | Empirical study | India | Digital divide and ICT access | Moderate |
| Brougham and Haar (2018) | Empirical study | Technology-enabled workplaces | Employee perceptions of automation and algorithms | Moderate |
| Buolamwini and Gebru (2018) | Technical-empirical study | Commercial AI systems | Algorithmic bias and intersectionality | Moderate |
| Curran (2023) | Critical review | Digital capitalism | Surveillance capitalism and systemic digital risk | High |
| Erwin (2015) | Conceptual/critical analysis | Smart surveillance and digital society | Algorithmic surveillance and control systems | Moderate |
| Duggan et al. (2019) | Review study | Gig economy | Algorithmic management and HRM | High |
| Duggan et al. (2023) | Empirical study | App-based workers | Algorithmic HRM control | High |
| Garg and Agarwal (2019) | Empirical study | India’s gig economy | Worker autonomy and algorithms | Moderate |
| Ghosh (2020) | Qualitative study | Indian ride-hailing workers | Informal learning practices | Moderate |
| Gupta and Jain (2019) | Gender-focused study | India | Women in the gig economy | Moderate |
| Heiland (2022) | Qualitative study | Food delivery gig work | Place-based control regimes | High |
| Hussain (2024) | Qualitative study | Food delivery workers in India | Algorithmic management in India | High |
| Kadolkar et al. (2024) | Systematic review | Gig economy literature | Algorithmic management synthesis | High |
| Kalleberg and Dunn (2016) | Conceptual analysis | Gig economy | Job quality and labour precarity | Moderate |
| Kaur and Singh (2020) | Information systems study | Indian labour platforms | Inclusion and algorithmic bias | Moderate |
| Kellogg et al. (2020) | Conceptual review | Workplace algorithms | Algorithms and workplace control | High |
| Lata et al. (2022) | Sociological analysis | Migrant labour and gig work | Exploitation and algorithmic control | High |
| Latif (2024) | Literature review | Global South platform work | Long-term livelihood impacts | High |
| Lee et al. (2015) | Qualitative study | Gig workers/platform labour | Data-driven management | High |
| Liu et al. (2024) | Empirical study | India | Digital skills, caste and gender inequality | High |
| Mayer and Timan (2021) | Critical review | Digital capitalism and work | Surveillance and work | High |
| Meijerink and Bondarouk (2023) | Conceptual review | HRM and platform work | Duality of algorithmic management | High |
| Nanda et al. (2025) | Conceptual/policy study | Gig economy governance | Algorithmic bias and data ethics | Moderate |
| Parth et al. (2023) | Qualitative study | Indian cab drivers | Collective action and solidarity | High |
| Pilatti et al. (2024) | Systematic review | Global gig economy | Worker autonomy and power dynamics | High |
| Pilz et al. (2015) | Qualitative study | Informal sector workers in India | Informal skills development | Moderate |
| Radhakrishnan and Sinha (2023) | Policy report | Platform work in India | Gender inequality in platform labour | Moderate |
| Rahman (2021) | Qualitative study | Platform workers | Worker reactions to opaque evaluations | High |
| Rani et al. (2019) | Empirical study | India | Digital access and return to skills | Moderate |
| Raval (2020) | Doctoral dissertation | Platform-mediated labour | Platform living and ethical labour | Moderate |
| Rosenblat (2018) | Ethnographic book | Uber drivers and platform work | Algorithmic control and surveillance | High |
| Sharma and Sharma (2025) | Policy/empirical study | India’s gig economy | Employment and platform realities | Moderate |
| Sindakis and Showkat (2024) | Empirical study | Rural India | Rural technology adoption and inclusion | Moderate |
| Srnicek (2017) | Conceptual analysis | Platform capitalism | Logic of platform business models | High |
| Surie and Koduganti (2016) | Exploratory study | Bengaluru platform workers | Emerging platform work conditions | Moderate |
| Tassinari and Maccarrone (2020) | Comparative qualitative study | Gig couriers in Italy and UK | Worker solidarity and resistance | High |
| Van Deursen and Van Dijk (2014) | Empirical study | Digital society and technology use | Digital divide and usage inequality | High |
| Veen et al. (2019) | Labour process analysis | Food delivery workers | Labour control and worker resistance | High |
| Wood et al. (2019) | Comparative empirical study | Global gig economy | Autonomy and algorithmic control | High |
| Woodcock and Graham (2020) | Scholarly book | Gig economy and platform labour | Labour relations and digital work | High |
| Zhang et al. (2022) | Participatory design study | Gig workers | Worker-centred algorithmic management | High |
| Study | Study type | Context | Focus area | Methodological rigor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case study | India and Bangladesh ride-hailing platforms | Algorithmic bias in ride-hailing | Moderate | |
| Empirical study | Rural India | Digital pedagogy and rural learning | Moderate | |
| Qualitative study | Gig workers/platform labour | Affective experiences under algorithmic management | High | |
| Conceptual/empirical study | Algorithmic control systems | Managerial legitimacy and control systems | High | |
| Empirical study | India | Digital divide and | Moderate | |
| Empirical study | Technology-enabled workplaces | Employee perceptions of automation and algorithms | Moderate | |
| Technical-empirical study | Commercial | Algorithmic bias and intersectionality | Moderate | |
| Critical review | Digital capitalism | Surveillance capitalism and systemic digital risk | High | |
| Conceptual/critical analysis | Smart surveillance and digital society | Algorithmic surveillance and control systems | Moderate | |
| Review study | Gig economy | Algorithmic management and | High | |
| Empirical study | App-based workers | Algorithmic | High | |
| Empirical study | India’s gig economy | Worker autonomy and algorithms | Moderate | |
| Qualitative study | Indian ride-hailing workers | Informal learning practices | Moderate | |
| Gender-focused study | India | Women in the gig economy | Moderate | |
| Qualitative study | Food delivery gig work | Place-based control regimes | High | |
| Qualitative study | Food delivery workers in India | Algorithmic management in India | High | |
| Systematic review | Gig economy literature | Algorithmic management synthesis | High | |
| Conceptual analysis | Gig economy | Job quality and labour precarity | Moderate | |
| Information systems study | Indian labour platforms | Inclusion and algorithmic bias | Moderate | |
| Conceptual review | Workplace algorithms | Algorithms and workplace control | High | |
| Sociological analysis | Migrant labour and gig work | Exploitation and algorithmic control | High | |
| Literature review | Global South platform work | Long-term livelihood impacts | High | |
| Qualitative study | Gig workers/platform labour | Data-driven management | High | |
| Empirical study | India | Digital skills, caste and gender inequality | High | |
| Critical review | Digital capitalism and work | Surveillance and work | High | |
| Conceptual review | Duality of algorithmic management | High | ||
| Conceptual/policy study | Gig economy governance | Algorithmic bias and data ethics | Moderate | |
| Qualitative study | Indian cab drivers | Collective action and solidarity | High | |
| Systematic review | Global gig economy | Worker autonomy and power dynamics | High | |
| Qualitative study | Informal sector workers in India | Informal skills development | Moderate | |
| Policy report | Platform work in India | Gender inequality in platform labour | Moderate | |
| Qualitative study | Platform workers | Worker reactions to opaque evaluations | High | |
| Empirical study | India | Digital access and return to skills | Moderate | |
| Doctoral dissertation | Platform-mediated labour | Platform living and ethical labour | Moderate | |
| Ethnographic book | Uber drivers and platform work | Algorithmic control and surveillance | High | |
| Policy/empirical study | India’s gig economy | Employment and platform realities | Moderate | |
| Empirical study | Rural India | Rural technology adoption and inclusion | Moderate | |
| Conceptual analysis | Platform capitalism | Logic of platform business models | High | |
| Exploratory study | Bengaluru platform workers | Emerging platform work conditions | Moderate | |
| Comparative qualitative study | Gig couriers in Italy and | Worker solidarity and resistance | High | |
| Empirical study | Digital society and technology use | Digital divide and usage inequality | High | |
| Labour process analysis | Food delivery workers | Labour control and worker resistance | High | |
| Comparative empirical study | Global gig economy | Autonomy and algorithmic control | High | |
| Scholarly book | Gig economy and platform labour | Labour relations and digital work | High | |
| Participatory design study | Gig workers | Worker-centred algorithmic management | High |
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