Table 1. Four-Phase Structure of the...

Table 1.

Four-Phase Structure of the shipwreck simulation protocol

Phase	Duration	Activity	Cognitive demand induced	Kolb (2015) cycle stage	Data generated
1. Individual ranking	15 min	Each participant independently prioritizes the 15 items under time pressure	Individual judgment under uncertainty and time constraint	Concrete experience	Individual deviation scores versus reference ranking
2. Team consensus	15 min	Teams reach a unified ranking through unstructured deliberation without facilitation	Collective sense-making; emergent leadership and conflict management	Reflective observation	Team consensus score; synergy index
3. Strategic decision	5 min	Teams choose between rowing toward shore or awaiting rescue	Decision-making under irreducible uncertainty	Abstract conceptualization	Strategic choice (row/wait)
4. Debriefing	55 min	Facilitated “4F” reflection (Facts, Feelings, Findings, Future) redirecting attention from outcome to process	Metacognitive reflection on decision processes and group dynamics	Active experimentation	Qualitative reflection feeding interview themes

Phase	Duration	Activity	Cognitive demand induced	Kolb (2015) cycle stage	Data generated
1. Individual ranking	15 min	Each participant independently prioritizes the 15 items under time pressure	Individual judgment under uncertainty and time constraint	Concrete experience	Individual deviation scores versus reference ranking
2. Team consensus	15 min	Teams reach a unified ranking through unstructured deliberation without facilitation	Collective sense-making; emergent leadership and conflict management	Reflective observation	Team consensus score; synergy index
3. Strategic decision	5 min	Teams choose between rowing toward shore or awaiting rescue	Decision-making under irreducible uncertainty	Abstract conceptualization	Strategic choice (row/wait)
4. Debriefing	55 min	Facilitated “4F” reflection (Facts, Feelings, Findings, Future) redirecting attention from outcome to process	Metacognitive reflection on decision processes and group dynamics	Active experimentation	Qualitative reflection feeding interview themes

Note(s):

Total session duration ≈ 90 min. The reference ranking derives from the original task (Nemiroff and Pasmore, 1975). Instructors followed identical scripts for phase transitions and debriefing prompts across both cohorts to ensure implementation fidelity

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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