Table 5. Pre-post analysis by dimension...

Table 5.

Pre-post analysis by dimension and cohort (Wilcoxon signed-rank test)

Cohort	Variable	M_pre	M_post	ΔM	SD_pre	SD_post	p	Effect size
2024–2	D1: Originalidad/valorization	29.60	31.74	2.14	5.72	5.53	< 0.001	r = 0.845 (d ≈ 3.16)***
	D2: Self-awareness	24.77	29.14	4.37	6.37	6.51	< 0.001	r = 0.849 (d ≈ 3.22)***
	D3: Applied comprehension	21.81	27.93	6.12	5.67	6.27	< 0.001	r = 0.877 (d ≈ 3.66)***
	Total score	76.19	88.81	12.63	10.85	11.78	< 0.001	r = 0.874 (d ≈ 3.60)***
2025–1	D1: Originalidad/valorization	29.00	31.08	2.08	5.62	5.61	< 0.001	r = 0.815 (d ≈ 2.81)***
	D2: Self-awareness	24.23	28.83	4.60	5.75	6.33	< 0.001	r = 0.874 (d ≈ 3.60)***
	D3: Applied comprehension	20.15	27.06	6.92	5.07	4.94	< 0.001	r = 0.887 (d ≈ 3.85)***
	Total score	73.38	86.98	13.60	9.37	11.45	< 0.001	r = 0.874 (d ≈ 3.59)***

Cohort	Variable	M_pre	M_post	ΔM	SD_pre	SD_post	p	Effect size
2024–2	D1: Originalidad/valorization	29.60	31.74	2.14	5.72	5.53	< 0.001	r = 0.845 (d ≈ 3.16)***
	D2: Self-awareness	24.77	29.14	4.37	6.37	6.51	< 0.001	r = 0.849 (d ≈ 3.22)***
	D3: Applied comprehension	21.81	27.93	6.12	5.67	6.27	< 0.001	r = 0.877 (d ≈ 3.66)***
	Total score	76.19	88.81	12.63	10.85	11.78	< 0.001	r = 0.874 (d ≈ 3.60)***
2025–1	D1: Originalidad/valorization	29.00	31.08	2.08	5.62	5.61	< 0.001	r = 0.815 (d ≈ 2.81)***
	D2: Self-awareness	24.23	28.83	4.60	5.75	6.33	< 0.001	r = 0.874 (d ≈ 3.60)***
	D3: Applied comprehension	20.15	27.06	6.92	5.07	4.94	< 0.001	r = 0.887 (d ≈ 3.85)***
	Total score	73.38	86.98	13.60	9.37	11.45	< 0.001	r = 0.874 (d ≈ 3.59)***

Note(s):

Cohort 2024–2 (n = 43); Cohort 2025–1 (n = 48). ΔM = M_post − M_pre. Effect sizes are reported as the Wilcoxon matched-pairs rank-biserial correlation r (Rosenthal, 1991), with approximate conversion to Cohen’s d using d ≈ 2r/√(1 − r²) (Borenstein et al., 2009) for comparability with educational intervention benchmarks. Within-subjects conversion inflates d relative to between-subjects equivalents (Lakens, 2013); the converted values are therefore reported for interpretive benchmarking and should not be compared directly against between-groups effect sizes. *** p < 0.001

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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