Corporate integrity culture and the implied cost of equity capital: Propensity score matching
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corporate Integrity | −0.080** | −0.082** | ||
| (−2.366) | (−2.425) | |||
| Corporate Integrity Dummy | −0.320*** | −0.323*** | ||
| (−4.678) | (−4.733) | |||
| Beta Value-Weighted | −0.083 | −0.080 | ||
| (−1.168) | (−1.138) | |||
| Idiosyncratic Risk | 0.903*** | 0.914*** | ||
| (2.790) | (2.827) | |||
| Market Value of Equity | −0.413*** | −0.356*** | −0.414*** | −0.357*** |
| (−4.082) | (−3.477) | (−4.108) | (−3.494) | |
| Market-to-Book | −0.020* | −0.021* | −0.020* | −0.021* |
| (−1.775) | (−1.891) | (−1.815) | (−1.934) | |
| Book Leverage | 1.779*** | 1.755*** | 1.780*** | 1.755*** |
| (4.279) | (4.247) | (4.291) | (4.257) | |
| Momentum | −0.399*** | −0.436*** | −0.394*** | −0.432*** |
| (−4.380) | (−4.766) | (−4.341) | (−4.735) | |
| Analyst Forecast Dispersion | 0.043 | 0.029 | 0.035 | 0.021 |
| (0.283) | (0.191) | (0.232) | (0.138) | |
| Long-Term Growth Rate | 1.133* | 1.110* | 1.118* | 1.094* |
| (1.913) | (1.875) | (1.892) | (1.853) | |
| Return on Assets | −1.641** | −1.508** | −1.652** | −1.517** |
| (−2.263) | (−2.074) | (−2.284) | (−2.091) | |
| Year Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 6,776 | 6,776 | 6,776 | 6,776 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.642 | 0.643 | 0.644 | 0.645 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| −0.080** | −0.082** | |||
| (−2.366) | (−2.425) | |||
| −0.320*** | −0.323*** | |||
| (−4.678) | (−4.733) | |||
| −0.083 | −0.080 | |||
| (−1.168) | (−1.138) | |||
| 0.903*** | 0.914*** | |||
| (2.790) | (2.827) | |||
| −0.413*** | −0.356*** | −0.414*** | −0.357*** | |
| (−4.082) | (−3.477) | (−4.108) | (−3.494) | |
| −0.020* | −0.021* | −0.020* | −0.021* | |
| (−1.775) | (−1.891) | (−1.815) | (−1.934) | |
| 1.779*** | 1.755*** | 1.780*** | 1.755*** | |
| (4.279) | (4.247) | (4.291) | (4.257) | |
| −0.399*** | −0.436*** | −0.394*** | −0.432*** | |
| (−4.380) | (−4.766) | (−4.341) | (−4.735) | |
| 0.043 | 0.029 | 0.035 | 0.021 | |
| (0.283) | (0.191) | (0.232) | (0.138) | |
| 1.133* | 1.110* | 1.118* | 1.094* | |
| (1.913) | (1.875) | (1.892) | (1.853) | |
| −1.641** | −1.508** | −1.652** | −1.517** | |
| (−2.263) | (−2.074) | (−2.284) | (−2.091) | |
| Year Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Firm Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 6,776 | 6,776 | 6,776 | 6,776 |
| Adjusted | 0.642 | 0.643 | 0.644 | 0.645 |
Note(s): This table presents the relation between corporate integrity culture and the implied cost of equity capital using propensity score matching. The dependent variable is the implied cost of equity capital. The independent variables of interest are Corporate Integrity in Columns (1) and (2) Corporate Integrity Dummy in Columns (3) and (4). Other variables are defined in Appendix A. The regressions also include year fixed effects and firm fixed effects. t-statistics is based on standard errors adjusted for heteroscedasticity and clustered at the firm level. *, ** and *** denote significance at the 10%, 5% and 1% levels, respectively
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