Unstandardized regression coefficients (B) and standard errors (SE) for the likelihood of horizontal employee cooperation
| Total | Pre-COVID-19 workplaces | Post-COVID-19 workplaces | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | |
| Collective job searches | −0.04 (0.08) | −0.21* (0.10) | −0.20* (0.10) | −0.24* (0.12) | 0.23+ (0.12) | 0.11 (0.21) |
| Service sectorsa | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.05+ (0.03) | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.05) | −0.01 (0.07) |
| Post-COVID-19 workplacesb | 0.07* (0.03) | −0.02 (0.04) | ||||
| Interactions | ||||||
| Collective job searches*Post-Covid-19 workplaces | 0.44** (0.15) | |||||
| Collective job searches*Service sectors | 0.29* (0.15) | 0.13 (0.20) | 0.17 (0.25) | |||
| Controls individual level | ||||||
| Job search | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.04 (0.05) | −0.04 (0.05) |
| Work hours | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) |
| Working from home | −0.02** (0.01) | −0.02** (0.01) | −0.03*** (0.01) | −0.03*** (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) |
| Job demand | 0.03* (0.01) | 0.03* (0.01) | 0.04* (0.02) | 0.04* (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) |
| Tenure | 0.00*** (0.00) | 0.00*** (0.00) | 0.00** (0.00) | 0.00** (0.00) | 0.01** (0.00) | 0.01** (0.00) |
| Age | −0.00** (0.00) | −0.00** (0.00) | −0.00** (0.00) | −0.00* (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) |
| Education | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.01 (0.02) |
| Occupational groupc | ||||||
| White collar low skilled | 0.05* (0.02) | 0.05* (0.02) | 0.05+ (0.02) | 0.05+ (0.02) | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.05) |
| Blue collar high skilled | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.08 (0.06) | 0.08 (0.06) | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.07 (0.09) |
| Blue collar low skilled | −0.19*** (0.04) | −0.19*** (0.04) | −0.19*** (0.04) | −0.19*** (0.04) | −0.21* (0.08) | −0.21* (0.09) |
| Femaled | 0.08*** (0.02) | 0.08*** (0.02) | 0.08*** (0.02) | 0.08*** (0.02) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.04) |
| Migrante | 0.08** (0.03) | 0.08** (0.03) | 0.08* (0.03) | 0.08* (0.03) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.07 (0.06) |
| Partnerf | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.05* (0.02) | 0.05* (0.02) | −0.02 (0.04) | −0.02 (0.04) |
| Number of children | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) |
| Controls team level | ||||||
| Team absenteeism | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) |
| Team atmosphere | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.03) |
| Team productivity | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.00 (0.03) | −0.00 (0.03) |
| Long-term projects | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.03* (0.02) | −0.03+ (0.02) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.03) |
| Project teams | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02+ (0.01) | 0.02+ (0.01) | −0.00 (0.02) | −0.00*** (0.02) |
| Work dependence | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.00 (0.02) |
| Decision dependence | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) |
| Core task | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.04 (0.03) | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.04) |
| Team size | 0.00 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.00+ (0.00) |
| Constant | 3.54*** (0.13) | 3.59*** (0.13) | 3.84*** (0.16) | 3.85*** (0.16) | 3.26*** (0.23) | 3.28*** (0.22) |
| Variance (constant) (team) | 0.01*** | 0.01*** | 0.01* (0.00) | 0.01* (0.00) | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.01 (0.00) |
| BIC | 5762.98 | 5760.54 | 4119.61 | 4127.42 | 1785.35 | 1791.72 |
| Nemployees | 4,008 | 2,855 | 1,153 | |||
| Nteams | 306 | 199 | 107 | |||
| Total | Pre-COVID-19 workplaces | Post-COVID-19 workplaces | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | |
| Collective job searches | −0.04 (0.08) | −0.21* (0.10) | −0.20* (0.10) | −0.24* (0.12) | 0.23+ (0.12) | 0.11 (0.21) |
| Service sectors | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.05+ (0.03) | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.05) | −0.01 (0.07) |
| Post-COVID-19 workplaces | 0.07* (0.03) | −0.02 (0.04) | ||||
| Collective job searches*Post-Covid-19 workplaces | 0.44** (0.15) | |||||
| Collective job searches*Service sectors | 0.29* (0.15) | 0.13 (0.20) | 0.17 (0.25) | |||
| Job search | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.04 (0.05) | −0.04 (0.05) |
| Work hours | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) | 0.01*** (0.00) |
| Working from home | −0.02** (0.01) | −0.02** (0.01) | −0.03*** (0.01) | −0.03*** (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.00 (0.01) |
| Job demand | 0.03* (0.01) | 0.03* (0.01) | 0.04* (0.02) | 0.04* (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) |
| Tenure | 0.00*** (0.00) | 0.00*** (0.00) | 0.00** (0.00) | 0.00** (0.00) | 0.01** (0.00) | 0.01** (0.00) |
| Age | −0.00** (0.00) | −0.00** (0.00) | −0.00** (0.00) | −0.00* (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) |
| Education | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.01 (0.02) |
| White collar low skilled | 0.05* (0.02) | 0.05* (0.02) | 0.05+ (0.02) | 0.05+ (0.02) | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.05) |
| Blue collar high skilled | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.08 (0.06) | 0.08 (0.06) | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.07 (0.09) |
| Blue collar low skilled | −0.19*** (0.04) | −0.19*** (0.04) | −0.19*** (0.04) | −0.19*** (0.04) | −0.21* (0.08) | −0.21* (0.09) |
| Female | 0.08*** (0.02) | 0.08*** (0.02) | 0.08*** (0.02) | 0.08*** (0.02) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.04) |
| Migrant | 0.08** (0.03) | 0.08** (0.03) | 0.08* (0.03) | 0.08* (0.03) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.07 (0.06) |
| Partner | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.05* (0.02) | 0.05* (0.02) | −0.02 (0.04) | −0.02 (0.04) |
| Number of children | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) |
| Team absenteeism | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) |
| Team atmosphere | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.03) |
| Team productivity | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.00 (0.03) | −0.00 (0.03) |
| Long-term projects | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.03* (0.02) | −0.03+ (0.02) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.03) |
| Project teams | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02+ (0.01) | 0.02+ (0.01) | −0.00 (0.02) | −0.00*** (0.02) |
| Work dependence | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.00 (0.02) |
| Decision dependence | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.02) |
| Core task | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.02 (0.03) | −0.04 (0.03) | −0.04 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.04) |
| Team size | 0.00 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.00 (0.00) | −0.00+ (0.00) |
| Constant | 3.54*** (0.13) | 3.59*** (0.13) | 3.84*** (0.16) | 3.85*** (0.16) | 3.26*** (0.23) | 3.28*** (0.22) |
| Variance (constant) (team) | 0.01*** | 0.01*** | 0.01* (0.00) | 0.01* (0.00) | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.01 (0.00) |
| BIC | 5762.98 | 5760.54 | 4119.61 | 4127.42 | 1785.35 | 1791.72 |
| 4,008 | 2,855 | 1,153 | ||||
| 306 | 199 | 107 | ||||
Note(s): +p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
Reference Category = industrial sectors
Reference Category = pre-COVID-19 workplaces
Reference Category = higher skilled white collar occupations
Reference Category = male
Reference Category = nonmigrant
Reference Category = not having a partner
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