Table 3

Synthesized hierarchy of product-attributes model and functional and symbolic values (Rosenblad-Wallin, 1985) for active aging women (AAW)

Attribute definitionFunctional valuesSymbolic values
Potential attributes
Levitt (1980) Future-oriented opportunities for innovation, anticipating emerging needs and technological possibilities
  • -

    Flexibility in use

  • -

    Motivation and lifestyle integration

Unexpected attributes
Levitt (1980)
Kotler and Armstrong (2004)
Brechan (2005) 		Value-added features that exceed expectations, create delight, and enhance emotional/symbolic experience
  • -

    Durability

  • -

    Modesty

Expected attributes
Levitt (1980)
Kotler and Armstrong (2004)
Brechan (2005) 		Features consumers assume will be present based on norms and prior experience; reinforce trust and reliability
  • -

    Support and compression

  • -

    Climatic protection and layering

  • -

    Safety

  • -

    Esthetic appeal and presentability

    • -

      Color

    • -

      Textile prints

  • -

    Group membership and social comfort

Essential attributes
Levitt (1980)
Kotler and Armstrong (2004)
Brechan (2005) 		Core benefits and primary functions required for product viability and basic problem-solving
  • -

    Physical comfort

    • -

      Garment fit

    • -

      Donning and doffing

  • -

    Fabric Performance Outcomes

    • -

      Moisture-wicking

    • -

      Breathability

    • -

      Thermal regulation

  • -

    Fabric-Level properties

    • -

      Fiber content

  • -

    Self-esteem and psychological comfort

Note(s): Each of these levels build upon each other – if included in a lower-level then assumed at a higher level

Source(s): Authors’ own work
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