Table 1 Rotation method and its... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Rotation method and its characteristics

Rotation method	Type	Assumption	Main features	Advantages
Varimax	Orthogonal	Independent factors	Maximizes the variance of factor loadings, facilitating the identification of a clear structure in which each variable loads strongly on a single factor	Simplifies interpretation by keeping factors uncorrelated
Quartimax	Orthogonal	Independent factors	It tends to concentrate the variance in a smaller number of factors, reducing complexity by representing each item in a few factors	It allows to simplify the factorial solution, facilitating dimensional reduction
Oblimin	Oblique	Factors that can correlate	It allows factors to be correlated, which is particularly useful when underlying dimensions are expected to be related (as in this study)	It more realistically represents interdependent relationships between psychosocial constructs
Promax	Oblique	Factors that can correlate	It starts with an initial Varimax solution and subsequently adjusts the loadings to allow for correlations between factors, combining interpretability and computational efficiency	It combines the initial clarity of an orthogonal solution with the flexibility of allowing correlations between factors

Rotation method	Type	Assumption	Main features	Advantages
Varimax	Orthogonal	Independent factors	Maximizes the variance of factor loadings, facilitating the identification of a clear structure in which each variable loads strongly on a single factor	Simplifies interpretation by keeping factors uncorrelated
Quartimax	Orthogonal	Independent factors	It tends to concentrate the variance in a smaller number of factors, reducing complexity by representing each item in a few factors	It allows to simplify the factorial solution, facilitating dimensional reduction
Oblimin	Oblique	Factors that can correlate	It allows factors to be correlated, which is particularly useful when underlying dimensions are expected to be related (as in this study)	It more realistically represents interdependent relationships between psychosocial constructs
Promax	Oblique	Factors that can correlate	It starts with an initial Varimax solution and subsequently adjusts the loadings to allow for correlations between factors, combining interpretability and computational efficiency	It combines the initial clarity of an orthogonal solution with the flexibility of allowing correlations between factors

Source(s): Authors