Table 4 Organizational characteristics... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Organizational characteristics and entrepreneurial logics

Organizational characteristics	Social business	Non-profit enterprise
Aims, Goals and Mission	Causation: Clear long-term goal of opportunity identification (gap in the market). Use of existing learning objectives and experts to develop pedagogy	Effectuation: Assessed the needs of the target demographic. Goals evolved through a process of opportunity creation, use of existing resources, network and identity
Aims, Goals and Mission	Effectuation: Public institutions brought new means and helped distribute risk during scaling	Bricolage: Transformation through exposure to culturally relevant and inclusive learning activities; teaching pupils to use digital tools in creative ways
Program Design	Causation: Incorporated feedback from pedagogists and tech industry professionals in the program design	Effectuation: Exposure to experiential learning, brainstorming, pitching, & networking opportunities with real-world assignments
Program Design	Effectuation: Encouraged openness, discovery, and experimentation through experiential learning
Learning Environment	Causation: Made pre-commitments with schools and libraries to host the programs	Effectuation: Provision of role models and culturally relevant subject matter through entrepreneur's network. Introduced pupils to tech industry careers through donors
Learning Environment	Effectuation: Emphasized iterative and collaborative learning with low-cost materials
Stakeholder Engagement	Causation: Created feedback channels, newsletter, social media to keep parents up to date	Effectuation: Partnered with local institutions in low-income and migrant neighborhoods to develop programs for the target demographic. Incorporated donors in the activities through site visits
Stakeholder Engagement	Effectuation: Used network to develop pedagogy, continuous improvement through iterative design
Leadership/ Managerial Practices	Causation: Provided structured frameworks for safe, deliberate learning processes	Effectuation: Developed interactive exercises that reflected real-world problems. Introduced discussions of equality into the programs
Leadership/ Managerial Practices	Effectuation: Began from a personal concern and made use of identity, knowledge and network
Evaluation	Causation: Specified the objective of a scalable program over ten years	Causation: Board requires financial accountability
Evaluation	Effectuation: Assessed the outcomes through feedback and formative assessment	Effectuation: Qualitative feedback from partners provided the basis for evaluation

Organizational characteristics	Social business	Non-profit enterprise
Aims, Goals and Mission	Causation: Clear long-term goal of opportunity identification (gap in the market). Use of existing learning objectives and experts to develop pedagogy	Effectuation: Assessed the needs of the target demographic. Goals evolved through a process of opportunity creation, use of existing resources, network and identity
Aims, Goals and Mission	Effectuation: Public institutions brought new means and helped distribute risk during scaling	Bricolage: Transformation through exposure to culturally relevant and inclusive learning activities; teaching pupils to use digital tools in creative ways
Program Design	Causation: Incorporated feedback from pedagogists and tech industry professionals in the program design	Effectuation: Exposure to experiential learning, brainstorming, pitching, & networking opportunities with real-world assignments
Program Design	Effectuation: Encouraged openness, discovery, and experimentation through experiential learning
Learning Environment	Causation: Made pre-commitments with schools and libraries to host the programs	Effectuation: Provision of role models and culturally relevant subject matter through entrepreneur's network. Introduced pupils to tech industry careers through donors
Learning Environment	Effectuation: Emphasized iterative and collaborative learning with low-cost materials
Stakeholder Engagement	Causation: Created feedback channels, newsletter, social media to keep parents up to date	Effectuation: Partnered with local institutions in low-income and migrant neighborhoods to develop programs for the target demographic. Incorporated donors in the activities through site visits
Stakeholder Engagement	Effectuation: Used network to develop pedagogy, continuous improvement through iterative design
Leadership/ Managerial Practices	Causation: Provided structured frameworks for safe, deliberate learning processes	Effectuation: Developed interactive exercises that reflected real-world problems. Introduced discussions of equality into the programs
Leadership/ Managerial Practices	Effectuation: Began from a personal concern and made use of identity, knowledge and network
Evaluation	Causation: Specified the objective of a scalable program over ten years	Causation: Board requires financial accountability
Evaluation	Effectuation: Assessed the outcomes through feedback and formative assessment	Effectuation: Qualitative feedback from partners provided the basis for evaluation