Table 2 Qualitative thematic analysis... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Qualitative thematic analysis

Thematic cluster	Sub-themes/concepts	Supporting literature
1. Human and Leadership-Centric Enablers	Leadership, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Digital Self-Efficacy, Human Capital, Digital Skills	Gyamerah et al. (2025), Malodia et al. (2023), Satar et al. (2025), Romero (2025), Lathabhavan and Kuppusamy (2024), Hossain et al. (2024), Trieu et al. (2024), Jang et al. (2022)
2. Foundational Organizational Capabilities and Readiness	Dynamic Capabilities, Organizational Agility, Resilience, Business Model Innovation, Organizational Ambidexterity	Saeedikiya et al. (2024), Shore et al. (2024), Sinha et al. (2024), Merín-Rodrigáñez et al. (2024), Liu et al. (2024), Hossain et al. (2024), Trieu et al. (2024), Troise et al. (2022)
3. Contextual Influences and External Forces	Government Policy, External Support, Digital Ecosystem, Competitive Pressures, Geographic Context	Mai et al. (2024), Ietto et al. (2022), Boakye et al. (2024), Shetty and Panda (2023), Khayer et al. (2021)
4. Technology-Specific Challenges and Opportunities	AI Adoption, Cloud Adoption, Blockchain, Lean Digitalization, Process Management, Manufacturing vs Service Sector	Cooper (2025), Rajaram and Tinguely (2024), Alshaher et al. (2025), Wong et al. (2024), Broccardo et al. (2024b), Škare et al. (2023)

Thematic cluster	Sub-themes/concepts	Supporting literature
1. Human and Leadership-Centric Enablers	Leadership, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Digital Self-Efficacy, Human Capital, Digital Skills	Gyamerah et al. (2025), Malodia et al. (2023), Satar et al. (2025), Romero (2025), Lathabhavan and Kuppusamy (2024), Hossain et al. (2024), Trieu et al. (2024), Jang et al. (2022)
2. Foundational Organizational Capabilities and Readiness	Dynamic Capabilities, Organizational Agility, Resilience, Business Model Innovation, Organizational Ambidexterity	Saeedikiya et al. (2024), Shore et al. (2024), Sinha et al. (2024), Merín-Rodrigáñez et al. (2024), Liu et al. (2024), Hossain et al. (2024), Trieu et al. (2024), Troise et al. (2022)
3. Contextual Influences and External Forces	Government Policy, External Support, Digital Ecosystem, Competitive Pressures, Geographic Context	Mai et al. (2024), Ietto et al. (2022), Boakye et al. (2024), Shetty and Panda (2023), Khayer et al. (2021)
4. Technology-Specific Challenges and Opportunities	AI Adoption, Cloud Adoption, Blockchain, Lean Digitalization, Process Management, Manufacturing vs Service Sector	Cooper (2025), Rajaram and Tinguely (2024), Alshaher et al. (2025), Wong et al. (2024), Broccardo et al. (2024b), Škare et al. (2023)

Source(s): Authors’ own work