Table 2 Sample characteristics Category...

Table 2

Sample characteristics

Category	Item	Frequency	%
Company size	Small business (up to 49 employees)	6	15
	Medium-sized business (50–249 employees)	2	5
	Large business (250–999 employees)	2	5
	Corporation (≥1,000 employees)	31	76
Revenue	<$10M	5	12
	$10–50M	1	2
	$50–250M	2	5
	$250M–1bn	2	5
	>$1bn	29	71
Industry	Automotive industry	5	12
	Mining	2	5
	Chemical industry	1	2
	Retail	1	2
	Wholesale	2	5
	Wood and furniture industry	1	2
	Agriculture and forestry/agribusiness	2	5
	Food and beverage industry	11	27
	Logistics/freight forwarding/transportation	3	7
	Mechanical and plant engineering	3	7
	Metal processing/steel industry	1	2
	Pharmaceutical industry	4	10
	Textile and apparel industry	4	10
	Other	1	2
Country of headquarter	Australia	1	2
	Australia	1	2
	South America	1	2
	Brazil	1	2
	North America	9	22
	USA	8	20
	Canada	1	2
	Europe	28	68
	Belgium	1	2
	Germany	12	29
	England	2	5
	France	1	2
	Italy	2	5
	The Netherlands	1	2
	Austria	3	7
	Sweden	1	2
	Switzerland	4	10
	Spain	1	2
	Asia	2	5
	Singapore	1	2
	Thailand	1	2
Role in SCM	Distributor/trader	5	12
	Manufacturer	21	51
	Supplier	12	29
	Logistics service provider	3	7
BC deployment	Currently in use	24	59
BC deployment	Used in the past	17	41
Year of BC implementation	2017	5	12
	2018	7	17
	2019	9	22
	2020	6	15
	2021	8	20
	2022	4	10
	2023	1	2
	2024	1	2
Use case	Product traceability and provenance verification	23	56
	Anti-counterfeiting/authenticity verification	9	22
	Sustainability verification	7	17
	Automated contract management (smart contracts)	13	32
	Compliance tracking/certificate management	8	20
	Product status monitoring/monitoring of sensitive goods	9	22
	Collaborative platforms and data spaces	8	20
	Tokenization of goods, components or CO₂ assets	5	12
Complementary technologies	Internet of things (IoT)	23	56
	Artificial intelligence (AI)	29	71
	ERP-systems	41	100
	Cloud technologies	31	76
	Big data and analytics	16	39
	Digital twins	10	24
	RFID/sensor-based tracking technologies	21	51
	other	3	7

Category	Item	Frequency	%
Company size	Small business (up to 49 employees)	6	15
	Medium-sized business (50–249 employees)	2	5
	Large business (250–999 employees)	2	5
	Corporation (≥1,000 employees)	31	76
Revenue	<$10M	5	12
	$10–50M	1	2
	$50–250M	2	5
	$250M–1bn	2	5
	>$1bn	29	71
Industry	Automotive industry	5	12
	Mining	2	5
	Chemical industry	1	2
	Retail	1	2
	Wholesale	2	5
	Wood and furniture industry	1	2
	Agriculture and forestry/agribusiness	2	5
	Food and beverage industry	11	27
	Logistics/freight forwarding/transportation	3	7
	Mechanical and plant engineering	3	7
	Metal processing/steel industry	1	2
	Pharmaceutical industry	4	10
	Textile and apparel industry	4	10
	Other	1	2
Country of headquarter	Australia	1	2
	Australia	1	2
	South America	1	2
	Brazil	1	2
	North America	9	22
	USA	8	20
	Canada	1	2
	Europe	28	68
	Belgium	1	2
	Germany	12	29
	England	2	5
	France	1	2
	Italy	2	5
	The Netherlands	1	2
	Austria	3	7
	Sweden	1	2
	Switzerland	4	10
	Spain	1	2
	Asia	2	5
	Singapore	1	2
	Thailand	1	2
Role in SCM	Distributor/trader	5	12
	Manufacturer	21	51
	Supplier	12	29
	Logistics service provider	3	7
BC deployment	Currently in use	24	59
BC deployment	Used in the past	17	41
Year of BC implementation	2017	5	12
	2018	7	17
	2019	9	22
	2020	6	15
	2021	8	20
	2022	4	10
	2023	1	2
	2024	1	2
Use case	Product traceability and provenance verification	23	56
	Anti-counterfeiting/authenticity verification	9	22
	Sustainability verification	7	17
	Automated contract management (smart contracts)	13	32
	Compliance tracking/certificate management	8	20
	Product status monitoring/monitoring of sensitive goods	9	22
	Collaborative platforms and data spaces	8	20
	Tokenization of goods, components or CO₂ assets	5	12
Complementary technologies	Internet of things (IoT)	23	56
	Artificial intelligence (AI)	29	71
	ERP-systems	41	100
	Cloud technologies	31	76
	Big data and analytics	16	39
	Digital twins	10	24
	RFID/sensor-based tracking technologies	21	51
	other	3	7

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