Table 1 Studies about smart port...

Table 1

Studies about smart port performance

Author(s)	Research aim	Research method
Philipp (2020)	Identify which tools can be used to measure digital performance in ports and make recommendations accordingly	Digital readiness index (DRIP)
Othman et al. (2022)	By evaluating the potential use of smart methodologies, assess the extent to which technology can be utilized to improve sustainable port performance	Qualitative research method
Akyıldız et al. (2025)	Addressing the obstacles to the development of smart ports based on strategic management and sustainability and offering suggestions on how these challenges can be minimized	Qualitative research method
Molavi et al. (2020)	The development of a Smart Port Index that will assist ports in enhancing their resilience and sustainability	Quantitative metric /Smart port index
Boadu et al. (2025)	To analyze the development and benefits of smart ports based on operational development and sustainability to establish the Smart Port Concept Implementation	Systematic literature review
Yen et al. (2023)	To investigate the extent to which the smart port design can affect efficiency in maritime transport	Three-step DEA-Tobit modeling
Min (2022)	To evaluate the smart port concept and its developmental process and provide guidance for addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by smart ports	Qualitative research method
Bakhsh et al. (2024)	To review the Smart Port concept, the technologies utilized and the KPIs, as well as to analyze development trends within the scholars	Systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis
Makkawan and Muangpan (2021)	Establishing smart port indices to conceptualize a smart performance model in the case study of Thailand's Eastern Economic Corridor	Qualitative research method
Yang and Hsieh (2024)	To identify the development potential of smart ports in the post-COVID-19 era and the obstacles encountered during the digitalization of ports	Fuzzy Delphi and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process
Rodrigo González et al. (2020)	To develop a method for assessing the alignment of ports within the Spanish Port System with the Smart Port concept and to rank these ports according to their performance	Index-based performance evaluation and benchmarking
de la Peña Zarzuelo et al. (2020)	The aim is to determine how ports and terminals are implementing projects in line with the concepts of smart ports and Ports 4.0, while taking advanced technologies into account	Literature review
Nguyen et al. (2025)	The purpose is to assess the competitive strength of the ten container terminals at Haiphong Port based on traditional and modern performance indicators	Entropy–TOPSIS and fuzzy C-means
Li et al. (2023)	To establish a coherent academic basis for the smart ports' framework and to pinpoint areas of research that will generate more attention in this field	Systematic bibliometric review
Boullauazan et al. (2023)	The development of a strategic maturity model that ports can utilize in their digitalization and sustainability transformation	Systematic literature review, novel maturity model development and case study
Heikkilä et al. (2022)	It determines how smart ports and the Port 4.0 concept will take shape in the future and in which directions they will evolve	Scenario building theory
Paraskevas et al. (2025)	To develop a systematic and scientific evaluation framework that takes uncertainties into account in order to measure the smartness of ports	Neutrosophic cognitive maps (Ncms)
Chen et al. (2019)	The development of a systematic, scientific and quantitative assessment method to accurately measure the intelligence level of ports	Single-valued neutrosophic exponential similarity measure
Hsu et al. (2023)	The aim is to develop a standard model for assessing the service quality of smart ports in the post-COVID-19 era and to identify the key success factors	SERVQUAL, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and DEMATEL
Lin et al. (2022)	Examining the impact of different port governance structures on smart port development strategies	Borda count and fuzzy AHP

Author(s)	Research aim	Research method
Philipp (2020)	Identify which tools can be used to measure digital performance in ports and make recommendations accordingly	Digital readiness index (DRIP)
Othman et al. (2022)	By evaluating the potential use of smart methodologies, assess the extent to which technology can be utilized to improve sustainable port performance	Qualitative research method
Akyıldız et al. (2025)	Addressing the obstacles to the development of smart ports based on strategic management and sustainability and offering suggestions on how these challenges can be minimized	Qualitative research method
Molavi et al. (2020)	The development of a Smart Port Index that will assist ports in enhancing their resilience and sustainability	Quantitative metric /Smart port index
Boadu et al. (2025)	To analyze the development and benefits of smart ports based on operational development and sustainability to establish the Smart Port Concept Implementation	Systematic literature review
Yen et al. (2023)	To investigate the extent to which the smart port design can affect efficiency in maritime transport	Three-step DEA-Tobit modeling
Min (2022)	To evaluate the smart port concept and its developmental process and provide guidance for addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by smart ports	Qualitative research method
Bakhsh et al. (2024)	To review the Smart Port concept, the technologies utilized and the KPIs, as well as to analyze development trends within the scholars	Systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis
Makkawan and Muangpan (2021)	Establishing smart port indices to conceptualize a smart performance model in the case study of Thailand's Eastern Economic Corridor	Qualitative research method
Yang and Hsieh (2024)	To identify the development potential of smart ports in the post-COVID-19 era and the obstacles encountered during the digitalization of ports	Fuzzy Delphi and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process
Rodrigo González et al. (2020)	To develop a method for assessing the alignment of ports within the Spanish Port System with the Smart Port concept and to rank these ports according to their performance	Index-based performance evaluation and benchmarking
de la Peña Zarzuelo et al. (2020)	The aim is to determine how ports and terminals are implementing projects in line with the concepts of smart ports and Ports 4.0, while taking advanced technologies into account	Literature review
Nguyen et al. (2025)	The purpose is to assess the competitive strength of the ten container terminals at Haiphong Port based on traditional and modern performance indicators	Entropy–TOPSIS and fuzzy C-means
Li et al. (2023)	To establish a coherent academic basis for the smart ports' framework and to pinpoint areas of research that will generate more attention in this field	Systematic bibliometric review
Boullauazan et al. (2023)	The development of a strategic maturity model that ports can utilize in their digitalization and sustainability transformation	Systematic literature review, novel maturity model development and case study
Heikkilä et al. (2022)	It determines how smart ports and the Port 4.0 concept will take shape in the future and in which directions they will evolve	Scenario building theory
Paraskevas et al. (2025)	To develop a systematic and scientific evaluation framework that takes uncertainties into account in order to measure the smartness of ports	Neutrosophic cognitive maps (Ncms)
Chen et al. (2019)	The development of a systematic, scientific and quantitative assessment method to accurately measure the intelligence level of ports	Single-valuedneutrosophic exponential similarity measure
Hsu et al. (2023)	The aim is to develop a standard model for assessing the service quality of smart ports in the post-COVID-19 era and to identify the key success factors	SERVQUAL, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and DEMATEL
Lin et al. (2022)	Examining the impact of different port governance structures on smart port development strategies	Borda count and fuzzy AHP

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