Table 2 Results of ordinary least square... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Results of ordinary least square estimation

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
	Desem	Desem	Desem	Desem	Desem
Initial challenges	−0.824^***	−0.848^***	−0.765^***	−0.787^***	−0.881^***
Initial challenges	[0.200]	[0.201]	[0.204]	[0.207]	[0.199]
PsychCap	0.0846^***
PsychCap	[0.008]
Gender	−1.313^***	−1.268^***	−1.370^***	−1.316^***	−1.290^***
Gender	[0.372]	[0.380]	[0.375]	[0.380]	[0.372]
Age	−0.0499^***	−0.0463^***	−0.0469^***	−0.0520^***	−0.0514^***
Age	[0.0171]	[0.0175]	[0.0172]	[0.0176]	[0.0170]
Education = high school	0.33	0.429	0.335	0.947	0.109
Education = high school	[0.922]	[0.891]	[0.930]	[1.016]	[0.943]
Education = bachelor	0.524	0.453	0.674	1.15	0.298
Education = bachelor	[0.925]	[0.898]	[0.928]	[1.015]	[0.943]
Education = master	0.213	0.246	0.433	0.779	0.00152
Education = master	[1.031]	[1.016]	[1.029]	[1.107]	[1.049]
Marital status	0.272	0.0813	0.359	0.415	0.25
Marital status	[0.447]	[0.459]	[0.448]	[0.448]	[0.452]
Family	0.691	0.817^*	0.727	0.707	0.746^*
Family	[0.446]	[0.456]	[0.445]	[0.459]	[0.446]
Self-efficacy		0.307^***
Self-efficacy		[0.0319]
Resilience			0.315^***
Resilience			[0.0314]
Optimism				0.458^***
Optimism				[0.0482]
Hope					0.242^***
Hope					[0.0238]
c. Ichal#cPsychCap
c. Ichal#cSelf-efficacy
c. Ichal#c.resilience
c. Ichal#c.optimism
c. Ichal#c.hope
_cons	7.233^***	8.006^***	7.624^***	7.429^***	8.029^***
_cons	[1.464]	[1.455]	[1.454]	[1.608]	[1.446]
N	417	417	417	417	417
R²	0.3106	0.2927	0.2937	0.277	0.3063
F	22.55^***	20.88^***	20.20^***	18.13^***	21.15^***

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
	Desem	Desem	Desem	Desem	Desem
Initial challenges	−0.824^***	−0.848^***	−0.765^***	−0.787^***	−0.881^***
Initial challenges	[0.200]	[0.201]	[0.204]	[0.207]	[0.199]
PsychCap	0.0846^***
PsychCap	[0.008]
Gender	−1.313^***	−1.268^***	−1.370^***	−1.316^***	−1.290^***
Gender	[0.372]	[0.380]	[0.375]	[0.380]	[0.372]
Age	−0.0499^***	−0.0463^***	−0.0469^***	−0.0520^***	−0.0514^***
Age	[0.0171]	[0.0175]	[0.0172]	[0.0176]	[0.0170]
Education = high school	0.33	0.429	0.335	0.947	0.109
Education = high school	[0.922]	[0.891]	[0.930]	[1.016]	[0.943]
Education = bachelor	0.524	0.453	0.674	1.15	0.298
Education = bachelor	[0.925]	[0.898]	[0.928]	[1.015]	[0.943]
Education = master	0.213	0.246	0.433	0.779	0.00152
Education = master	[1.031]	[1.016]	[1.029]	[1.107]	[1.049]
Marital status	0.272	0.0813	0.359	0.415	0.25
Marital status	[0.447]	[0.459]	[0.448]	[0.448]	[0.452]
Family	0.691	0.817^*	0.727	0.707	0.746^*
Family	[0.446]	[0.456]	[0.445]	[0.459]	[0.446]
Self-efficacy		0.307^***
Self-efficacy		[0.0319]
Resilience			0.315^***
Resilience			[0.0314]
Optimism				0.458^***
Optimism				[0.0482]
Hope					0.242^***
Hope					[0.0238]
c. Ichal#cPsychCap
c. Ichal#cSelf-efficacy
c. Ichal#c.resilience
c. Ichal#c.optimism
c. Ichal#c.hope
_cons	7.233^***	8.006^***	7.624^***	7.429^***	8.029^***
_cons	[1.464]	[1.455]	[1.454]	[1.608]	[1.446]
N	417	417	417	417	417
R²	0.3106	0.2927	0.2937	0.277	0.3063
F	22.55^***	20.88^***	20.20^***	18.13^***	21.15^***

	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
	Desem	Desem	Desem	Desem	Desem
Initial challenges	−1.211^***	−0.607^*	−1.776^*	−1.557^*	−0.967^*
Initial challenges	[0.510]	[0.348]	[0.976]	[0.544]	[0.374]
PsychCap	0.113^***
PsychCap	[0.01]
Gender	−1.336^***	−1.290^***	−1.388^***	−1.321^***	−1.321^***
Gender	[0.371]	[0.380]	[0.374]	[0.380]	[0.370]
Age	−0.0535^***	−0.0486^***	−0.0527^***	−0.0561^***	−0.0543^***
Age	[0.0171]	[0.0175]	[0.0171]	[0.0175]	[0.0171]
Education = high school	0.388	0.461	0.477	0.952	0.155
Education = high school	[0.935]	[0.898]	[0.934]	[1.031]	[0.957]
Education = bachelor	0.542	0.461	0.761	1.092	0.315
Education = bachelor	[0.940]	[0.907]	[0.934]	[1.033]	[0.960]
Education = master	0.245	0.259	0.527	0.787	0.0154
Education = master	[1.036]	[1.020]	[1.024]	[1.116]	[1.055]
Marital status	0.303	0.112	0.407	0.47	0.26
Marital status	[0.445]	[0.460]	[0.444]	[0.448]	[0.448]
Family	0.727	0.828^*	0.786^*	0.761^*	0.775^*
Family	[0.447]	[0.456]	[0.444]	[0.459]	[0.447]
Self-efficacy		0.390^***
Self-efficacy		[0.0685]
Resilience			0.459^***
Resilience			[0.0635]
Optimism				0.658^***
Optimism				[0.0947]
Hope					0.319^***
Hope					[0.0489]
c. Ichal#cPsychCap	0.0175^**
c. Ichal#cPsychCap	[0.00823]
c. Ichal#cSelf-efficacy		0.0500^*
c. Ichal#cSelf-efficacy		[0.0218]
c. Ichal#c.resilience			0.0881^***
c. Ichal#c.resilience			[0.0328]
c. Ichal#c.optimism				0.120^**
c. Ichal#c.optimism				[0.0469]
c. Ichal#c.hope					0.0476^*
c. Ichal#c.hope					[0.0243]
_cons	3.984^*	5.650^**	3.504	3.599	5.120^**
_cons	[2.222]	[2.252]	[2.181]	[2.296]	[2.191]
N	417	417	417	417	417
R²	0.3183	0.297	0.3067	0.2884	0.3131
F	19.90^***	18.63^***	18.63^***	16.41^***	18.71^***

	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
	Desem	Desem	Desem	Desem	Desem
Initial challenges	−1.211^***	−0.607^*	−1.776^*	−1.557^*	−0.967^*
Initial challenges	[0.510]	[0.348]	[0.976]	[0.544]	[0.374]
PsychCap	0.113^***
PsychCap	[0.01]
Gender	−1.336^***	−1.290^***	−1.388^***	−1.321^***	−1.321^***
Gender	[0.371]	[0.380]	[0.374]	[0.380]	[0.370]
Age	−0.0535^***	−0.0486^***	−0.0527^***	−0.0561^***	−0.0543^***
Age	[0.0171]	[0.0175]	[0.0171]	[0.0175]	[0.0171]
Education = high school	0.388	0.461	0.477	0.952	0.155
Education = high school	[0.935]	[0.898]	[0.934]	[1.031]	[0.957]
Education = bachelor	0.542	0.461	0.761	1.092	0.315
Education = bachelor	[0.940]	[0.907]	[0.934]	[1.033]	[0.960]
Education = master	0.245	0.259	0.527	0.787	0.0154
Education = master	[1.036]	[1.020]	[1.024]	[1.116]	[1.055]
Marital status	0.303	0.112	0.407	0.47	0.26
Marital status	[0.445]	[0.460]	[0.444]	[0.448]	[0.448]
Family	0.727	0.828^*	0.786^*	0.761^*	0.775^*
Family	[0.447]	[0.456]	[0.444]	[0.459]	[0.447]
Self-efficacy		0.390^***
Self-efficacy		[0.0685]
Resilience			0.459^***
Resilience			[0.0635]
Optimism				0.658^***
Optimism				[0.0947]
Hope					0.319^***
Hope					[0.0489]
c. Ichal#cPsychCap	0.0175^**
c. Ichal#cPsychCap	[0.00823]
c. Ichal#cSelf-efficacy		0.0500^*
c. Ichal#cSelf-efficacy		[0.0218]
c. Ichal#c.resilience			0.0881^***
c. Ichal#c.resilience			[0.0328]
c. Ichal#c.optimism				0.120^**
c. Ichal#c.optimism				[0.0469]
c. Ichal#c.hope					0.0476^*
c. Ichal#c.hope					[0.0243]
_cons	3.984^*	5.650^**	3.504	3.599	5.120^**
_cons	[2.222]	[2.252]	[2.181]	[2.296]	[2.191]
N	417	417	417	417	417
R²	0.3183	0.297	0.3067	0.2884	0.3131
F	19.90^***	18.63^***	18.63^***	16.41^***	18.71^***

Note(s): Standard errors in brackets

^*p < 0.1, ^**p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.01