Table 6

Direct and indirect paths

Original sample (O)Standard deviation (STDEV)T-statistics (|O/STDEV|)P-valuesValidation
Direct paths
H1aDL → ES0.2710.0634.3250.000Supported
H1bEO → ES0.1250.0562.2210.026Supported
H1cDN → ES0.1460.0522.0680.039Supported
H2aDL → DI0.3690.0586.3410.000Supported
H2bEO → DI0.3280.0585.6580.000Supported
H2cDN → DI0.1460.0502.9130.004Supported
H3DI → ES0.2970.0744.0030.000Supported
H4aET x DL → DI−0.3500.158−2.2150.027Supported
H4bET x EO → DI−0.3030.108−2.8050.005Supported
H4cET x DN → DI−0.2770.107−2.5880.010Supported
H5aET x DL → ES−0.3050.103−2.9610.003Supported
H5bET x EO → ES−0.3470.150−2.3130.021Supported
H5cET x DN → ES−0.2250.156−4.0140.000Supported
H6ET x DI → ES−0.3430.143−2.3980.017Supported
Specific indirect paths
DL → DI → ES0.1250.0313.9640.000Supported
DN → DI → ES0.0430.0192.2380.025Supported
EO → DI → ES0.1020.0333.0950.002Supported
ET x DN → DI → ES−0.0820.020−4.1100.000Supported
ET x DL → DI → ES−0.0940.019−4.9920.000Supported
ET x EO → DI → ES−0.0890.026−3.4660.001Supported
Source(s): Author's work

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