Table A1.

Breuch and Pagan Test for Inquiring Panel Effects

Conventional BanksIslamic Banks
H0: No Panel EffectsIf H0 is rejected (p-value < 0.05) → there are panel data effect → Random or Fixed effects could be usedH0: No Panel EffectsIf H0 is rejected (p-value < 0.05) → using a panel data model of fixed or random effects
Χ2(01) = 322.98Χ2(01) = 118.09
p-value = 0.0000p-value = 0.0000
Source: Author’s Own Work

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