Table 1

Analytical framework: three normative orientations of concern

Orientation of concernHow the study affects the fieldDiagnostic questionPhilosophical resource
TransformativeUnsettles the categories through which a field thinks and opens new horizons of inquiryDoes the study give the field a new way of thinking?Adorno (1977) 
EmancipatoryWidens whose voices, standpoints and modes of knowing the field is prepared to acknowledgeDoes the study widen what the field acknowledges?Honneth (1995, 2014) 
DisciplinaryAnswers questions that the field has come to treat as worth pursuing and refines the methodological practices through which it pursues themDoes the study advance the field's substantive questions or strengthen its methodological practice?Weber (1958) 
Source(s): Authors' synthesis

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