Table A1.

Items and their sources

JIT1Our customers receive just-in-time deliveries from us.Maware and Adetunji (2019) 
JIT2Our suppliers deliver to us on a just-in-time basisKamble et al. (2020); Maware and Adetunji (2019) 
JIT3Our company involves all the key suppliers in the processMaware and Adetunji (2019) 
JIT5The daily production schedule is met every dayMaware and Adetunji (2019) 
JIT6The daily production schedule is completed on timeMaware and Adetunji (2019) 
JIT7The layout of our shop floor facilitates low inventories and fast throughputMaware and Adetunji (2019) 
TQM1Our equipment or processes are under statistical quality controlMaware and Adetunji (2019) 
TQM2We use statistical techniques to reduce varianceMaware and Adetunji (2019) 
TQM3Control charts are used to determine whether the manufacturing processes is in controlNawanir et al. (2012), Maware and Adetunji (2019) 
TQM4The processes in the plant are designed to be “foolproof.”Maware and Adetunji (2019) 
TQM5The process ensures that all parts, materials, information and resources meet the specifications before useMaware and Adetunji (2019) 
TQM9Quality problems can be traced to their source and solved without reworking too many unitsNawanir et al. (2012) 
CEP1We coordinate with the suppliers for environmental objectivesMora-Contreras et al. (2023) 
CEP2We design products for reduced consumption of raw materialMora-Contreras et al. (2023) 
CEP4We design products for reuse, recycle and recovery of materialMora-Contreras et al. (2023) 
CEP5We optimise the processes to reduce solid wasteRao and Holt (2005) 
CEP6Our company recycles materialsMora-Contreras et al. (2023) 
CEP7Our company reuses materialsMora-Contreras et al. (2023) 
CEP8Our firm has an environmental purchasing policy in practiceHussain et al. (2019) 
CEP11We systematically consider customer feedback for eco-designBelhadi et al. (2019) 
CEP12Our company considers its discharges as a wealthBelhadi et al. (2019) 
CEP14We recover the company’s end-of-life products;Mora-Contreras et al. (2023) 
CEP15We consider the impact of products in their entire lifetimeMachingura et al. (2024a) 
CEP16We monitor the environmental impact of the products at all stagesMachingura et al. (2024b) 
EVP1We reduced the air emissionsChowdhury et al. (2022) 
EVP2We reduced the solid wastePan et al. (2024) 
EVP3We reduced the waste waterPan et al. (2024) 
EVP4We decreased the consumption of hazardous/harmful/ toxic materialsPan et al. (2024) 
EVP5We decreased the frequency of environmental accidentsPan et al. (2024) 
EVP6We decreased energy consumptionHuo et al. (2019); Hussain et al. (2019); Kamble et al. (2020); Ninlawan et al. (2010); Shashi et al. (2019) 
SP1The working conditions improvedKamble et al. (2020) 
SP2The workplace safety improvedKamble et al. (2020), Chowdhury et al. (2022) 
SP3The employee health improvedKamble et al. (2020) 
SP4The labour relations improvedKamble et al. (2020) 
SP5The workers’ morale improvedKamble et al. (2020) 
SP6The work pressure decreasedKamble et al. (2020) 
SP7The community health and safety improvedChowdhury et al. (2022) 
EP1Our profits increasedPan et al. (2024) 
EP2The product development costs decreasedKamble et al. (2020) 
EP4The inventory costs decreasedChowdhury et al. (2022) 
EP5The rejection and reworking costs decreasedKamble et al. (2020) 
EP6The raw material purchasing costs decreasedPan et al. (2024) 
EP7The waste treatment costs decreasedPan et al. (2024) 
EP8The fine for environmental accidents decreasedPan et al. (2024) 
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