Regression results: predictors of negative sentiment and engagement (HC1 robust SEs)
| Predictor | Model 1: Negativity b (SE) [95% CI] | Model 2: Engagement b (SE) [95% CI] | p (M1) | p (M2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delay & Disruption | 0.036 (0.001) [0.034, 0.038] | −0.909 (0.133) [−1.170, −0.648] | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Crowding & Capacity | −0.001 (0.002) [−0.005, 0.003] | 0.311 (0.213) [−0.107, 0.729] | 0.434 | 0.144 |
| Ticketing & Refunds | −0.010 (0.001) [−0.012, −0.008] | −0.956 (0.126) [−1.203, −0.709] | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Comfort & Cleanliness | 0.002 (0.001) [0.000, 0.004] | 0.635 (0.122) [0.396, 0.874] | 0.007 | <0.001 |
| Staff & Communication | 0.005 (0.001) [0.003, 0.007] | 0.250 (0.151) [−0.046, 0.546] | <0.001 | 0.098 |
| Safety & Security | 0.044 (0.002) [0.040, 0.048] | 0.818 (0.233) [0.361, 1.275] | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Accessibility | −0.002 (0.002) [−0.006, 0.002] | 0.075 (0.318) [−0.548, 0.698] | 0.246 | 0.815 |
| Delay duration (log min) | −0.000 (0.001) [−0.002, 0.002] | −0.162 (0.063) [−0.285, −0.039] | 0.830 | 0.010 |
| Controls (record type, subreddit, length, year) | included | included | – | – |
| R2/N | 0.028/61,328 | 0.325/2,173 | – | – |
| Predictor | Model 1: Negativity b (SE) [95% CI] | Model 2: Engagement b (SE) [95% CI] | p (M1) | p (M2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delay & Disruption | 0.036 (0.001) | −0.909 (0.133) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Crowding & Capacity | −0.001 (0.002) | 0.311 (0.213) | 0.434 | 0.144 |
| Ticketing & Refunds | −0.010 (0.001) | −0.956 (0.126) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Comfort & Cleanliness | 0.002 (0.001) | 0.635 (0.122) | 0.007 | <0.001 |
| Staff & Communication | 0.005 (0.001) | 0.250 (0.151) | <0.001 | 0.098 |
| Safety & Security | 0.044 (0.002) | 0.818 (0.233) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Accessibility | −0.002 (0.002) | 0.075 (0.318) | 0.246 | 0.815 |
| Delay duration (log min) | −0.000 (0.001) | −0.162 (0.063) | 0.830 | 0.010 |
| Controls (record type, subreddit, length, year) | included | included | – | – |
| 0.028/61,328 | 0.325/2,173 | – | – |
Note(s): Intervals are Wald 95% confidence intervals computed as b ± 1.96 SE from the coefficients and standard errors reported above, both of which are rounded to three decimals; the limits are therefore accurate only to the precision of those inputs and narrow intervals may appear marginally inconsistent with the reported p-values. Because n = 61,328, conventional significance is attained by effects of negligible magnitude: Model 1 accounts for 2.8% of the variance in document-level negativity, so the substantive reading of this table rests on the relative ordering and magnitude of the coefficients rather than on their significance levels and no coefficient should be interpreted as establishing a practically important difference on the strength of its p-value alone.
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