Inclusion and exclusion criteria for study selection
| Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|
| Peer-reviewed journal articles, academic books, book chapters, and significant working papers | Editorials, opinion pieces, non-academic articles, and doctoral dissertations (unless published as books) |
| Published up to February 2026 | Publications lacking rigorous academic peer-review or institutional validation |
| English language | Non-English publications |
| Substantive intersection of systems theory, cybernetics, or complexity theory with public administration | Purely technical studies (e.g. computer science algorithms without epistemological or governance focus) |
| Sufficient theoretical development, conceptual critique, or structural modeling | Studies merely mentioning keywords without offering deep theoretical contribution |
| Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|
| Peer-reviewed journal articles, academic books, book chapters, and significant working papers | Editorials, opinion pieces, non-academic articles, and doctoral dissertations (unless published as books) |
| Published up to February 2026 | Publications lacking rigorous academic peer-review or institutional validation |
| English language | Non-English publications |
| Substantive intersection of systems theory, cybernetics, or complexity theory with public administration | Purely technical studies (e.g. computer science algorithms without epistemological or governance focus) |
| Sufficient theoretical development, conceptual critique, or structural modeling | Studies merely mentioning keywords without offering deep theoretical contribution |
Note(s): Criteria applied sequentially: title/abstract screening followed by full-text review. Theoretical contribution assessed by two independent coders (see Section 3.5)
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