Table 4

Diagnostic and prognostic framework of the synthetic causal loop model

System phaseDiagnostic indicators (what to observe)Prognostic warning (tipping point indicators)Prescriptive reflexive action (intervention required)
Phase 1: Trivialization (C1)Imposition of strict rigid rules; high percentage of automated rejections; lack of manual overridesGuaranteed emergence of systemic friction and failure demand at the front linesReintroduce discretionary spaces; shift from raw efficiency to contextual evaluation
Phase 2: Adaptation (C2)Surge in informal networks; gaming the system tactics; rapid influx of incomplete applicationsAcceleration of the inflow filling the Administrative Debt backlog stockActivate the Ethical Imperative: redesign the system to increase citizen options, not limit them
Phase 3: Debt AccumulationAutomation bias among staff; viewing citizen resistance solely as fraud or anomaliesTipping Point: Resources spent on troubleshooting (backlog) exceed >50% of total operational capacityImplement Second-Order Observation; formally acknowledge the agency's role in creating the resistance
Phase 4: Collapse (C4)Class-action lawsuits; total loss of public compliance; immense financial restitution costsIrreversible breakdown of system legitimacy; absolute halt of primary service deliveryCease automated coercion; mandate human-in-the-loop boards for formal systemic reprogramming

Note(s): Tipping point threshold defined as the point at which resources consumed by failure demand management exceed 50% of total operational capacity (Middleton, 2010). Prescriptive actions derive from the Ethical Imperative (von Foerster, 1984)

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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