Table 1 Descriptive statistics: mean and...

Table 1

Descriptive statistics: mean and standard deviation

Variables	–	Mean	SD
DV (Academic achievement)
Mathematics	10 PVs	314.09 ∼ 316.51	74.19 ∼ 75.59
Literacy		311.31 ∼ 313.53	61.55 ∼ 62.86
Sciences		323.83 ∼ 325.53	50.7 ∼ 51.56
IV (Teacher quality)
Teacher educational qualification	Percentage of teachers whose highest educational attainment is above a bachelor's degree	0.51	0.26
Teaching experience	Average of teachers' teaching years	13.93	5.03
TPD1	Percentage of teachers who received TPD at least once in the past year	0.22	0.19
TPD2		0.37	0.24
TPD3		0.37	0.20
TPD4		0.69	0.20
TPD5		0.36	0.22
TPD6		0.32	0.22
CV
School level
Location size	The population of school's location	1.93	1.21
School size	The number of students in school	1066.09	983.68
Class size	The average number of students in a class	39.67	14.67
Basic infrastructure	School's basic infra (WLE)	3.97	0.78
Student level
Gender	Female = 1, Male = 2	1.47	0.50
ESCS	Students' SES (WLE)	−2.00	1.04
N		4,777

Variables	–	Mean	SD
DV (Academic achievement)
Mathematics	10 PVs	314.09 ∼ 316.51	74.19 ∼ 75.59
Literacy		311.31 ∼ 313.53	61.55 ∼ 62.86
Sciences		323.83 ∼ 325.53	50.7 ∼ 51.56
IV (Teacher quality)
Teacher educational qualification	Percentage of teachers whose highest educational attainment is above a bachelor's degree	0.51	0.26
Teaching experience	Average of teachers' teaching years	13.93	5.03
TPD1	Percentage of teachers who received TPD at least once in the past year	0.22	0.19
TPD2		0.37	0.24
TPD3		0.37	0.20
TPD4		0.69	0.20
TPD5		0.36	0.22
TPD6		0.32	0.22
CV
School level
Location size	The population of school's location	1.93	1.21
School size	The number of students in school	1066.09	983.68
Class size	The average number of students in a class	39.67	14.67
Basic infrastructure	School's basic infra (WLE)	3.97	0.78
Student level
Gender	Female = 1, Male = 2	1.47	0.50
ESCS	Students' SES (WLE)	−2.00	1.04
N		4,777

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