Table 7 IV estimates Dependent variable:...

Table 7

IV estimates

Dependent variable: log annual earnings
	(1)	(2)	(3)
	Full sample	women	Men
Other (ref. category)
Career services	0.082***	0.146***	0.033
Career services	(0.026)	(0.036)	(0.035)
Age	0.016***	0.017***	0.015***
Age	(0.003)	(0.004)	(0.005)
Both parents with primary education or lower (ref. category)
One parent upper sec. ed	−0.008	−0.024	0.013
One parent upper sec. ed	(0.017)	(0.023)	(0.024)
Both parents upper sec. ed	0.005	0.016	−0.010
Both parents upper sec. ed	(0.015)	(0.020)	(0.022)
One parent higher ed	0.029*	0.007	0.044**
One parent higher ed	(0.015)	(0.020)	(0.022)
Both parents higher ed	0.112***	0.123***	0.097***
Both parents higher ed	(0.016)	(0.022)	(0.022)
No work experience (ref. category)
1 year of work exp	0.060***	0.098***	0.009
1 year of work exp	(0.015)	(0.021)	(0.023)
2 years of work exp	0.061***	0.087***	0.023
2 years of work exp	(0.015)	(0.021)	(0.023)
3 years of work exp	0.127***	0.149***	0.092***
3 years of work exp	(0.015)	(0.021)	(0.022)
4 years of work exp	0.056***	0.090***	0.013
4 years of work exp	(0.017)	(0.023)	(0.025)
Grade access	0.020***	0.023***	0.019***
Grade access	(0.004)	(0.006)	(0.005)
Women	−0.152***
Women	(0.012)
Observations	5,919	3,172	2,747
R-squared	0.264	0.198	0.197
Field, University, Survey FE	Yes	Yes	Yes
IV first-stage results (dependent variable: career service usage)
Exposure rate	0.103***	0.106***	0.100***
Exposure rate	(0.003)	(0.006)	(0.004)
Kleibergen–Paap F stat	940.785	359.333	602.349
Anderson–Rubin F-stat	10.000	16.860	0.880
p-value	0.002	0.000	0.349

Dependent variable: log annual earnings
	(1)	(2)	(3)
	Full sample	women	Men
Other (ref. category)
Career services	0.082***	0.146***	0.033
Career services	(0.026)	(0.036)	(0.035)
Age	0.016***	0.017***	0.015***
Age	(0.003)	(0.004)	(0.005)
Both parents with primary education or lower (ref. category)
One parent upper sec. ed	−0.008	−0.024	0.013
One parent upper sec. ed	(0.017)	(0.023)	(0.024)
Both parents upper sec. ed	0.005	0.016	−0.010
Both parents upper sec. ed	(0.015)	(0.020)	(0.022)
One parent higher ed	0.029*	0.007	0.044**
One parent higher ed	(0.015)	(0.020)	(0.022)
Both parents higher ed	0.112***	0.123***	0.097***
Both parents higher ed	(0.016)	(0.022)	(0.022)
No work experience (ref. category)
1 year of work exp	0.060***	0.098***	0.009
1 year of work exp	(0.015)	(0.021)	(0.023)
2 years of work exp	0.061***	0.087***	0.023
2 years of work exp	(0.015)	(0.021)	(0.023)
3 years of work exp	0.127***	0.149***	0.092***
3 years of work exp	(0.015)	(0.021)	(0.022)
4 years of work exp	0.056***	0.090***	0.013
4 years of work exp	(0.017)	(0.023)	(0.025)
Grade access	0.020***	0.023***	0.019***
Grade access	(0.004)	(0.006)	(0.005)
Women	−0.152***
Women	(0.012)
Observations	5,919	3,172	2,747
R-squared	0.264	0.198	0.197
Field, University, Survey FE	Yes	Yes	Yes
IV first-stage results (dependent variable: career service usage)
Exposure rate	0.103***	0.106***	0.100***
Exposure rate	(0.003)	(0.006)	(0.004)
Kleibergen–Paap F stat	940.785	359.333	602.349
Anderson–Rubin F-stat	10.000	16.860	0.880
p-value	0.002	0.000	0.349

Note(s): The table reports the IV estimates of the impact of career service use on graduates' annual earnings, expressed in 2008 € using the CPI provided by INE. We use the exposure rate as an instrument, as discussed in the text. Robust standard errors are reported in parentheses

***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

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