Table 2 Measurement items and...

Table 2

Measurement items and measurement-model statistics

Construct	Item	Measurement items	Loading	Alpha	CR	AVE	Measurement basis
Interaction quality	IQ1	The AI system provides clear information during performance evaluations	0.795	0.827	0.885	0.658	Pelau et al. (2021), Haugeland et al. (2022)
	IQ2	The AI is easy to use for HR tasks	0.836
	IQ3	The AI system responds quickly to feedback	0.795
	IQ4	AI makes HR processes easier to manage	0.818
Human agency	HA1	I feel in control of the AI-assisted evaluation process	0.784	0.688	0.826	0.613	Fanni et al. (2023), Vantrepotte et al. (2022)
	HA2	I can provide feedback to the AI system	0.818
	HA3	I can override the AI decisions if necessary	0.745
Perceived humanness	PHUM1	The AI understands employee needs during performance reviews	0.852	0.830	0.898	0.746	Lu et al. (2022)
	PHUM2	The AI system provides feedback like a human manager	0.867
	PHUM3	Interaction with the AI feels like dealing with a person	0.872
Voice	VOICE1	I can express my opinions during AI-led performance evaluations	0.836	0.728	0.846	0.647	Colquitt (2001), Hellwig et al. (2023)
	VOICE2	My input is considered in the AI system's decisions	0.819
	VOICE3	I feel I can influence AI decisions that affect me	0.755
Fairness	FAIR1	The AI system treats employees fairly in HR processes	0.890	0.700	0.869	0.769	Colquitt (2001), Shin and Park (2019), Shin (2020)
Fairness	FAIR2	I believe the AI system is unbiased	0.864				Colquitt (2001), Shin and Park (2019), Shin (2020)
Accountability	ACC1	The AI system holds me accountable for my performance	0.805	0.717	0.841	0.638	Bovens (2010), Shin and Park (2019)
	ACC2	I am responsible for the work in the AI system	0.749
	ACC3	The AI decisions are explainable and justifiable	0.840
Transparency	TRANS1	I understand how the AI system makes HR decisions	0.815	0.792	0.878	0.707	Shin and Park (2019), Shin (2020, 2021)
	TRANS2	The AI system explains its HR decision-making process	0.854
	TRANS3	The AI provides enough information about its decisions	0.853
Trust in AI	TRUST1	I trust the AI to evaluate employees' performance accurately	0.854	0.787	0.876	0.702	Lee and See (2004), Shin and Park (2019)
	TRUST2	The AI system follows through on its promises	0.829
	TRUST3	Overall the decision by AI can be trusted	0.829
Task complexity	TC1	The HR task using AI involves managing many details	0.820	0.686	0.829	0.619	Wood (1986)
	TC2	Using AI for HR decisions requires concentration	0.822
	TC3	AI tasks in HR involve several steps that are difficult to track	0.712
Perceived uncanniness	UNC1	The AI system feels unnatural when used for HR decisions	0.875	0.849	0.905	0.762	Ho and MacDorman (2010), Sullivan et al. (2022)
	UNC2	The AI's human-like qualities make me uncomfortable	0.909
	UNC3	The AI feels unsettling in HR process	0.832

Construct	Item	Measurement items	Loading	Alpha	CR	AVE	Measurement basis
Interaction quality	IQ1	The AI system provides clear information during performance evaluations	0.795	0.827	0.885	0.658	Pelau et al. (2021), Haugeland et al. (2022)
	IQ2	The AI is easy to use for HR tasks	0.836
	IQ3	The AI system responds quickly to feedback	0.795
	IQ4	AI makes HR processes easier to manage	0.818
Human agency	HA1	I feel in control of the AI-assisted evaluation process	0.784	0.688	0.826	0.613	Fanni et al. (2023), Vantrepotte et al. (2022)
	HA2	I can provide feedback to the AI system	0.818
	HA3	I can override the AI decisions if necessary	0.745
Perceived humanness	PHUM1	The AI understands employee needs during performance reviews	0.852	0.830	0.898	0.746	Lu et al. (2022)
	PHUM2	The AI system provides feedback like a human manager	0.867
	PHUM3	Interaction with the AI feels like dealing with a person	0.872
Voice	VOICE1	I can express my opinions during AI-led performance evaluations	0.836	0.728	0.846	0.647	Colquitt (2001), Hellwig et al. (2023)
	VOICE2	My input is considered in the AI system's decisions	0.819
	VOICE3	I feel I can influence AI decisions that affect me	0.755
Fairness	FAIR1	The AI system treats employees fairly in HR processes	0.890	0.700	0.869	0.769	Colquitt (2001), Shin and Park (2019), Shin (2020)
Fairness	FAIR2	I believe the AI system is unbiased	0.864				Colquitt (2001), Shin and Park (2019), Shin (2020)
Accountability	ACC1	The AI system holds me accountable for my performance	0.805	0.717	0.841	0.638	Bovens (2010), Shin and Park (2019)
	ACC2	I am responsible for the work in the AI system	0.749
	ACC3	The AI decisions are explainable and justifiable	0.840
Transparency	TRANS1	I understand how the AI system makes HR decisions	0.815	0.792	0.878	0.707	Shin and Park (2019), Shin (2020, 2021)
	TRANS2	The AI system explains its HR decision-making process	0.854
	TRANS3	The AI provides enough information about its decisions	0.853
Trust in AI	TRUST1	I trust the AI to evaluate employees' performance accurately	0.854	0.787	0.876	0.702	Lee and See (2004), Shin and Park (2019)
	TRUST2	The AI system follows through on its promises	0.829
	TRUST3	Overall the decision by AI can be trusted	0.829
Task complexity	TC1	The HR task using AI involves managing many details	0.820	0.686	0.829	0.619	Wood (1986)
	TC2	Using AI for HR decisions requires concentration	0.822
	TC3	AI tasks in HR involve several steps that are difficult to track	0.712
Perceived uncanniness	UNC1	The AI system feels unnatural when used for HR decisions	0.875	0.849	0.905	0.762	Ho and MacDorman (2010), Sullivan et al. (2022)
	UNC2	The AI's human-like qualities make me uncomfortable	0.909
	UNC3	The AI feels unsettling in HR process	0.832

Note(s): FAIR3 was removed before final estimation because it explicitly incorporated trust wording. All reported analyses use FAIR1 and FAIR2

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