Table 8

HLN-corrected Diebold–Mariano tests for calibrated Brier loss

ComparisonLLALLBMean dDMrawDMHLNSig
IMUGI vs Climatology0.02910.0292−0.0001−3.261−3.260p < 0.01
IMUGI vs Shumway DTH0.02910.0299−0.0007−3.571−3.569p < 0.01
IMUGI vs Cox PH0.02910.0298−0.0007−3.524−3.522p < 0.01

Note(s): All models are calibrated and evaluated on the full test set. Loss is pointwise Brier score with HAC Newey–West variance estimation and forecast horizon h = 1. The null is H0: E[lossIMUGI − lossbenchmark] = 0 against the one-sided alternative that IMUGI has lower calibrated Brier loss. The reported significance category is based on the one-sided HLN-corrected p-value

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