Table 1

Descriptive statistics by EUDR tier

VariableMeanSDP25MedianN
All Firms
Log Market Cap (IDR)30.6031.52629.50630.44575
Book-to-Market0.8610.7450.3340.61975
Leverage (Debt/Assets)0.2050.1870.0340.16175
Return on Assets0.0860.0970.0310.05975
Market Beta1.3930.8670.6841.31975
Physical Risk Score0.1760.2600.0000.10875
RSPO Certified (=1)0.1330.3420.0000.00075
ISPO Certified (=1)0.1470.3560.0000.00075
CAR[−1,+1] at E1 (%)−0.1554.763−2.704−0.48675
CAR[−5,+5] at E1 (%)−0.7347.530−4.542−1.15975
Tier 1 (Upstream Producers)
Log Market Cap (IDR)29.4311.08328.69929.47917
Book-to-Market1.1150.7240.4811.15717
Leverage (Debt/Assets)0.3210.2010.1740.30317
Return on Assets0.0660.0580.0340.04317
Market Beta0.8980.6640.3560.75317
Physical Risk Score0.4690.3680.1080.38417
RSPO Certified (=1)0.5880.5070.0001.00017
ISPO Certified (=1)0.6470.4930.0001.00017
CAR[−1,+1] at E1 (%)−1.4282.797−2.242−0.48617
CAR[−5,+5] at E1 (%)−3.8035.679−6.375−3.89817
Tier 2 (Intermediate Processors)
Log Market Cap (IDR)31.5870.88431.35031.5265
Book-to-Market0.4430.3940.3060.3825
Leverage (Debt/Assets)0.2330.1540.0830.2485
Return on Assets0.1170.1060.0400.0875
Market Beta0.2280.1620.1400.2805
Physical Risk Score0.0860.0480.1080.1085
RSPO Certified (=1)0.0000.0000.0000.0005
ISPO Certified (=1)0.0000.0000.0000.0005
CAR[−1,+1] at E1 (%)−0.0463.781−1.893−0.3125
CAR[−5,+5] at E1 (%)3.1893.9720.8533.1845
Tier 3 (Reference Group)
Log Market Cap (IDR)30.8861.50630.09130.73453
Book-to-Market0.8190.7600.3390.61253
Leverage (Debt/Assets)0.1650.1720.0270.11353
Return on Assets0.0890.1070.0290.05953
Market Beta1.6620.8050.9721.70453
Physical Risk Score0.0910.1330.0000.00053
RSPO Certified (=1)0.0000.0000.0000.00053
ISPO Certified (=1)0.0000.0000.0000.00053
CAR[−1,+1] at E1 (%)0.2425.299−2.850−0.42353
CAR[−5,+5] at E1 (%)−0.1208.037−3.809−0.98553

Note(s): CAR values are in percentage points. Tier 1 = EUDR-exposed upstream producers (N = 17); Tier 2 = intermediate processors (N = 5); Tier 3 = reference firms (N = 53). Physical Risk Score is the province-level composite of BII deficit and normalised GFW deforestation intensity. E1 = EUDR adoption event (26 April 2023 IDX trading date; seven-day lag from the 19 April 2023 European Parliament vote due to the Eid al-Fitr trading halt). All variables are reported for the full sample of 75 firms in every tier; missing book-equity and market-beta observations present in earlier data vintages have since been resolved through the price-based fallback estimation described in the Sample, Data Sources and Variable Construction subsection. Tier 2 statistics are based on N = 5 and should be interpreted with caution

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