Table 7

Theoretical propositions for Sanction efficacy

Proposition (Px)Source of meta-analytic evidenceTheoretical explanation
P1: Asymmetric DeterrenceSanction Certainty p < 0.01 (compliance) vs. p > 0.05 (Violation)Sanctions function primarily as promotive social cues that reinforce compliance rather than preventive threats that suppress violations
P2: Celerity-Dependent DeterrenceCelerity x Certainty/Severity moderationTemporal delay (low celerity) leads to signal decay, weakening the perceived behavior-consequence linkage, thereby neutralizing the deterrent weight of certainty and severity
P3: Context-Contingent DeterrenceGeographic region as a significant moderatorDeterrence efficacy is context-dependent, operating through a trust-control paradox shaped by cultural norms and institutional trust

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