Table 3. Causal loop diagram System... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3.

Causal loop diagram

System	Causal loop diagram
Main system	R1: Energy transition trend (−) → ICE vehicle stock (−) → EV vehicle stock (−) → FCEV vehicle stock (−) → ICE vehicle stock
Subsystem 1 ICE	B1: ICE vehicle stock (+) → CO₂ emissions ICE (+) → environmental degradation (+) → emission policy pressure ICE (−) → ICE attractiveness (+) → ICE sales (+) → ICE vehicle stock (environment side)
Subsystem 1 ICE	B2: ICE vehicle stock (+) → fuel consumption (+) → operating cost of ICE (+) → relative cost of ICE (−) → ICE attractiveness (+) → ICE sales (+) → ICE vehicle stock (market and customer side)
Subsystem 2 EV	R2: EV sales (+) → EV infrastructure (+) → charging availability (+) → EV convenience (+) → EV attractiveness (+) → EV sales (technology and infrastructure side)
Subsystem 2 EV	B3: EV sales (+) → EV vehicle stock (−) → CO₂ emission EV (+) → emission policy pressure EV (+) → policy support EV (+) → EV sales (+) → EV vehicle stock (regulation and policy side)
Subsystem 3 FCEV	R3: FCEV vehicle stock (+) → hydrogen demand (+) → hydrogen production (+) → hydrogen refueling stations (+) → hydrogen convenience (+) → FCEV Attractiveness (+) → FCEV vehicle stock (technology and market side)
Subsystem 3 FCEV	R4: FCEV vehicle stock (+) → user experience (+) → FCEV acceptance (+) → market potential FCEV (+) → FCEV attractiveness (+) → FCEV vehicle stock (customer and market side)

System	Causal loop diagram
Main system	R1: Energy transition trend (−) → ICE vehicle stock (−) → EV vehicle stock (−) → FCEV vehicle stock (−) → ICE vehicle stock
Subsystem 1 ICE	B1: ICE vehicle stock (+) → CO₂ emissions ICE (+) → environmental degradation (+) → emission policy pressure ICE (−) → ICE attractiveness (+) → ICE sales (+) → ICE vehicle stock (environment side)
Subsystem 1 ICE	B2: ICE vehicle stock (+) → fuel consumption (+) → operating cost of ICE (+) → relative cost of ICE (−) → ICE attractiveness (+) → ICE sales (+) → ICE vehicle stock (market and customer side)
Subsystem 2 EV	R2: EV sales (+) → EV infrastructure (+) → charging availability (+) → EV convenience (+) → EV attractiveness (+) → EV sales (technology and infrastructure side)
Subsystem 2 EV	B3: EV sales (+) → EV vehicle stock (−) → CO₂ emission EV (+) → emission policy pressure EV (+) → policy support EV (+) → EV sales (+) → EV vehicle stock (regulation and policy side)
Subsystem 3 FCEV	R3: FCEV vehicle stock (+) → hydrogen demand (+) → hydrogen production (+) → hydrogen refueling stations (+) → hydrogen convenience (+) → FCEV Attractiveness (+) → FCEV vehicle stock (technology and market side)
Subsystem 3 FCEV	R4: FCEV vehicle stock (+) → user experience (+) → FCEV acceptance (+) → market potential FCEV (+) → FCEV attractiveness (+) → FCEV vehicle stock (customer and market side)

Source(s): Authors’ own work