Table 1 Respondents profile ( N = 101...

Table 1

Respondents profile (N = 101 manufacturing firms)

Characteristic	n	%
Respondent position
Board of Directors/Director/Owner	15	14.9
General Manager	12	11.9
Functional manager/Department Head	45	44.5
Section Head	29	28.7
Manufacturing sector
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	21	20.7
Chemicals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals	18	17.8
Electrical equipment and electronics	14	13.9
Food, beverage, and agro-processing	14	13.9
Machinery and equipment	12	11.9
Paper, printing, and packaging	7	6.9
Basic metals and non-metallic mineral products	6	5.9
Textiles and apparel	5	5
Rubber and plastics	2	2
Other manufacturing (wood/furniture, toys)	2	2
Firm age (years since establishment)
10 years or less	19	18.8
11–20 years	24	23.8
21–30 years	22	21.8
More than 30 years	36	35.6
Firm size (total employees)
Fewer than 100	14	13.9
100–499	31	30.7
500–999	27	26.7
1,000 or more	29	28.7
Primary market orientation
Domestic market	69	68.3
Export market	32	31.7
Supply chain linkage with foreign firms
Both supply-side and marketing/distribution-side	53	52.5
Supply-side only	33	32.7
Marketing/distribution-side only	8	7.9
No linkage with foreign firms	7	6.9

Characteristic	n	%
Respondent position
Board of Directors/Director/Owner	15	14.9
General Manager	12	11.9
Functional manager/Department Head	45	44.5
Section Head	29	28.7
Manufacturing sector
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment	21	20.7
Chemicals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals	18	17.8
Electrical equipment and electronics	14	13.9
Food, beverage, and agro-processing	14	13.9
Machinery and equipment	12	11.9
Paper, printing, and packaging	7	6.9
Basic metals and non-metallic mineral products	6	5.9
Textiles and apparel	5	5
Rubber and plastics	2	2
Other manufacturing (wood/furniture, toys)	2	2
Firm age (years since establishment)
10 years or less	19	18.8
11–20 years	24	23.8
21–30 years	22	21.8
More than 30 years	36	35.6
Firm size (total employees)
Fewer than 100	14	13.9
100–499	31	30.7
500–999	27	26.7
1,000 or more	29	28.7
Primary market orientation
Domestic market	69	68.3
Export market	32	31.7
Supply chain linkage with foreign firms
Both supply-side and marketing/distribution-side	53	52.5
Supply-side only	33	32.7
Marketing/distribution-side only	8	7.9
No linkage with foreign firms	7	6.9

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