Table 4. A preliminary... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4.

A preliminary operationalisation of dynamic alignment for future research

Dimension of dynamic alignment	Observable indicator(s)	Possible data source
Governance–practice gap	Extent of unsanctioned vs sanctioned AI use; visibility of use to the organisation	Interviews; system logs; document review
Emergent practice (shadow normalisation)	Routinisation of AI across core tasks; reliance on personal devices and workarounds	Interviews; observation
Adaptive control	Balance of technical vs practice-embedded controls; lag between practice change and control change	Document review; interviews
Recursive feedback (mechanism)	Documented sequences of practice prompting control change over time	Longitudinal or document tracing
Reinforced accountability	Verification effort (checking behaviours) versus verification effectiveness (errors detected)	Interviews; review records; audits
Provisional alignment (outcome)	Coexistence of formal and shadow practice; size of residual gap	Repeated or longitudinal assessment

Dimension of dynamic alignment	Observable indicator(s)	Possible data source
Governance–practice gap	Extent of unsanctioned vs sanctioned AI use; visibility of use to the organisation	Interviews; system logs; document review
Emergent practice (shadow normalisation)	Routinisation of AI across core tasks; reliance on personal devices and workarounds	Interviews; observation
Adaptive control	Balance of technical vs practice-embedded controls; lag between practice change and control change	Document review; interviews
Recursive feedback (mechanism)	Documented sequences of practice prompting control change over time	Longitudinal or document tracing
Reinforced accountability	Verification effort (checking behaviours) versus verification effectiveness (errors detected)	Interviews; review records; audits
Provisional alignment (outcome)	Coexistence of formal and shadow practice; size of residual gap	Repeated or longitudinal assessment