Table 1

Lean tools, their code reference and supporting literature

Lean toolsCodeLiterature support
JITL1Anvari et al. (2014), Dewadi et al. (2024) and Naeemah and Wong (2023) 
KaizenL1Anvari et al. (2014), Dewadi et al. (2024), Naeemah and Wong (2023) and Santos et al. (2023) 
KanbanL3Naeemah and Wong (2023) and Santos et al. (2023) 
SMEDL4Anvari et al. (2014) and Naeemah and Wong (2023) 
TPML5Anvari et al. (2014), Naeemah and Wong (2023), Paker (2021) and Tortorella et al. (2016) 
QFDL6Anvari et al. (2014), Naeemah and Wong (2023), Santos et al. (2023) and Tortorella et al. (2016) 
5SL7Anvari et al. (2014), Dewadi et al. (2024), Naeemah and Wong (2023), Paker (2021) and Santos et al. (2023) 
Poka-YokeL8Anvari et al. (2014), Naeemah and Wong (2023), Paker (2021) and Santos et al. (2023) 
Standardized WorkL9Anvari et al. (2014), Naeemah and Wong (2023), Paker (2021), Santos et al. (2023) and Tortorella et al. (2016) 
Takt TimeL10Anvari et al. (2014) and Santos et al. (2023) 
5 WhysL11Anvari et al. (2014), Klimecka-Tatar and Obrecht (2024) and Tortorella et al. (2016) 
Continuous FlowL12Anvari et al. (2014), Paker (2021) and Santos et al. (2023) 
JidokaL13Santos et al. (2023) 
Hoshin KanriL14Klimecka-Tatar and Obrecht (2024) and Tortorella et al. (2016) 
Gemba WalksL15Klimecka-Tatar and Obrecht (2024), Santos et al. (2023) and Tortorella et al. (2016) 
PDCAL16Klimecka-Tatar and Obrecht (2024) and Tortorella et al. (2016) 
A3L17Paker (2021) and Tortorella et al. (2016) 
Visual managementL18Paker (2021), Santos et al. (2023) and Tortorella et al. (2016) 
Obea RoomL19Paker (2021) and Tortorella et al. (2016) 
VSML20Dewadi et al. (2024), Dourado et al. (2024) and Santos et al. (2023) 
Source(s): Created by authors
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