Table 1

Study variables and their descriptions

VariablesLabels/codesDescription
Dependent variableAgricultural EntrepreneurshipIndividuals aged 18–64 engaged in early-stage entrepreneurial activity in agriculture, forestry or fishing. Respondents engaged in nascent or newly established agricultural ventures were coded 1, while those not engaged in early-stage agricultural entrepreneurship were coded 0
Independent variablesPerceptual Factors
Opportunity Perception (OPPORT)Individuals (18–64) who see good entrepreneurial opportunities in their neighbourhoods within the next six months. 1 shows a perception of a good entrepreneurial opportunities, 0 shows otherwise
Fear of Failure (FRFAIL)Individuals (18–64) who indicate fear of failure could restrict their entrepreneurial endeavours. 1 shows FOF as a barrier to launch a business, 0 shows otherwise
Ent. Self-Efficacy (SUSKIL)Individuals (18–64) who indicate they have necessary knowledge, skills, and experience to start an entrepreneurial venture. 1 shows ability to launch an entrepreneurial venture, 0 shows otherwise
Social Factors
Ent. Role Model (KNOWEN)Individuals (18–64) who have a personal acquaintance and have established an entrepreneurial venture within the last two years. 1 shows the respondent knows at least one entrepreneur, 0 shows otherwise
Desirable Career Choice (NBGOOD)Individuals (18–64) who think that entrepreneurship is a desirable career option for the majority of the people in their country. 1 shows the respondent agrees to this statement, 0 shows otherwise
Social Status (NBSTAT)Individuals (18–64) who believe that entrepreneurs have high social status and respect in their country. 1 shows the respondent agrees to this statement, 0 shows otherwise
Media Coverage (NBMEDI)Individuals (18–64) who believe that entrepreneurs are frequently featured in media in their country. 1 shows the respondent agrees to this statement, 0 shows otherwise
Control variablesDemographic Factors
AgeAge of individuals (18–64)
Gender1 shows male, 2 shows female
Household Income (GEMHHINC)Lowest 33, middle 33 and upper 33 percentile and coded them as 1, 2, 3 respectively

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