Table 3

Code development

Initial codes (examples)Focused categoriesFinal themes
Learning skills; gaining confidence; trying different jobsSkill development; identity formationWork as a developmental opportunity
Unstable hours; no benefits; “this is normal”Precarity; normalization of insecurityPrecarity as a normalized entry condition
Need money; independence; expectationsEconomic, social, developmental motivationsConverging motivations for working
Poor training; lack of support; no feedbackEmployer capacity; limits of inclusionEmployer readiness and the limits of inclusion
Helping others; covering shifts; stepping upInformal leadership; invisible labourInformal leadership and invisible labour
Balancing school/work; burnout; trade-offsRole strain; competing demandsTime poverty and competing engagements

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