TableĀ 1

Macroeconomic indicators, JSE Financial 15 Index and sustainable development channels

VariableTransmission to JSE financial 15 indexRelevant SDGSustainable development relevance
InflationHigh inflation can reduce real returns, increase uncertainty, raise operating costs and weaken investor confidence in financial-sector equitiesSDG 8Price stability supports investment, savings, credit affordability and sustainable growth (FSDO, 2024; Sayed, 2015; Frey, 2018)
Interest rateRepo-rate changes affect bank lending rates, credit demand, loan performance, discount rates and financial-sector valuationsSDG 8; SDG 16Predictable monetary policy strengthens financial stability, investor confidence and institutional credibility (Sayed, 2015; World Bank Group, 2013, 2016)
Exchange rateRand depreciation or appreciation affects foreign capital flows, imported inflation, external liabilities and investor sentimentSDG 8; SDG 9Exchange-rate stability supports investment planning, trade financing and capital-market resilience (FSDO, 2024; Sayed, 2015; UNCTAD, 2017)
Real GDPEconomic growth affects credit demand, household income, corporate earnings and financial-sector profitabilitySDG 8Stronger growth improves financial-sector performance and supports employment and productive investment (Sayed, 2015; World Bank Group, 2013, 2016)
JSE Financial 15 IndexReflects the performance of leading banking, insurance and financial services firmsSDG 8; SDG 9; SDG 16A stable financial-sector index signals stronger intermediation, capital mobilisation, infrastructure financing and macro financial confidence (FSDO, 2024; Sayed, 2015; World Bank Group, 2013, 2016)
Source(s): Authors' compilation

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